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Live/Forecast engine

Forecast engine

Storm Station’s own forecast, set every day beside NOAA’s National Blend of Models, the National Weather Service forecast, NOAA’s GFS, HRRR and NAM, and ECMWF’s IFS and AIFS, and scored against what the airfields reported, hour by hour. Who came closest, by how much, where, why, and how the engine learns from it. A reading is first checked against the stations around it, so a faulty instrument never counts against a forecast.

Where Storm Station came closer than the NBM

October 14, 2026, the latest day scored, every airfield against what it reported, hour by hour. For temperature, Storm Station came closer than the NBM at 910 airfields, was level at 531 and further at 1,058. Blue is closer, red further, gray level; the brighter the dot, the larger the gap. Scored each morning for the day before.

Every one of 2,370 airfields on the map of the country, coloured by how much closer or further Storm Station’s temperature forecast came than the NBM on October 14, 2026: closer at 864, level at 502, further at 1,004; the 70 panel airports ringed. Chosen beside them, one family at a time, 2,259 stations of the Blend that are not airfields, squares shaded by how far the temperature forecast missed.

910 of 2,499 airfields closer than the NBM46 in 100 of those not level

  1. closer by 0.5 F or more346
  2. closer by 0.1 to 0.5 F564
  3. level, within 0.1 F531
  4. further by 0.1 to 0.5 F620
  5. further by 0.5 F or more438

At the 70 panel airports, ringed, Storm Station’s own forecast: closer at 0 of 70, level at 64 and further at 6. Elsewhere, its correction of the NBM, scored on the same hours. Point to an airfield for its figures; choose it for its page.

1,920 fire weather stations scoredStorm Station’s temperature forecast off by 3.2 F on average

  1. within 2 F451
  2. 2 to 4 F1,033
  3. 4 F or more436

199 snow pillows scoredStorm Station’s temperature forecast off by 2.8 F on average

  1. within 2 F56
  2. 2 to 4 F115
  3. 4 F or more28

78 river and lake gauges scoredStorm Station’s temperature forecast off by 2.7 F on average

  1. within 2 F32
  2. 2 to 4 F37
  3. 4 F or more9

47 road stations scoredStorm Station’s temperature forecast off by 2.9 F on average

  1. within 2 F11
  2. 2 to 4 F28
  3. 4 F or more8

15 other stations scoredStorm Station’s temperature forecast off by 3.3 F on average

  1. within 2 F5
  2. 2 to 4 F5
  3. 4 F or more5

Each square a station of the Blend that is not an airfield, shaded by how far Storm Station’s temperature forecast missed it, averaged over the forecast hours scored; drawn and ranked where 24 or more were scored. Storm Station’s correction learns at each station from its first day scored, so at first it is the NBM’s own forecast.

Every one of 2,367 airfields on the map of the country, coloured by how much closer or further Storm Station’s dew point forecast came than the NBM on October 14, 2026: closer at 792, level at 583, further at 992; the 70 panel airports ringed

839 of 2,496 airfields closer than the NBM45 in 100 of those not level

  1. closer by 0.5 F or more290
  2. closer by 0.1 to 0.5 F549
  3. level, within 0.1 F619
  4. further by 0.1 to 0.5 F598
  5. further by 0.5 F or more440

At the 70 panel airports, ringed, Storm Station’s own forecast: closer at 2 of 70, level at 63 and further at 5. Elsewhere, its correction of the NBM, scored on the same hours. Point to an airfield for its figures; choose it for its page.

Every one of 2,375 airfields on the map of the country, coloured by how much closer or further Storm Station’s wind forecast came than the NBM on October 14, 2026: closer at 851, level at 566, further at 958; the 70 panel airports ringed

913 of 2,512 airfields closer than the NBM47 in 100 of those not level

  1. closer by 0.5 mph or more313
  2. closer by 0.1 to 0.5 mph600
  3. level, within 0.1 mph587
  4. further by 0.1 to 0.5 mph689
  5. further by 0.5 mph or more323

At the 70 panel airports, ringed, Storm Station’s own forecast: closer at 14 of 70, level at 55 and further at 1. Elsewhere, its correction of the NBM, scored on the same hours. Point to an airfield for its figures; choose it for its page.

Every one of 1,982 airfields on the map of the country, coloured by how much closer or further Storm Station’s sky cover forecast came than the NBM on October 14, 2026: closer at 1,328, level at 256, further at 398; the 70 panel airports ringed

1,403 of 2,094 airfields closer than the NBM77 in 100 of those not level

  1. closer by 5 points or more987
  2. closer by 1 to 5 points416
  3. level, within 1 point269
  4. further by 1 to 5 points234
  5. further by 5 points or more188

At the 70 panel airports, ringed, Storm Station’s own forecast: closer at 1 of 67, level at 60 and further at 6. Elsewhere, its correction of the NBM, scored on the same hours. Point to an airfield for its figures; choose it for its page.

How close was Storm Station on October 14, 2026?

The temperature Storm Station forecast was off by 2.4 F on average, and within 5 F in 91 of every 100 hours. It ran 0.1 F warm.

Hours of reports
24 of 24
Temperature forecasts scored
240,206
Readings checked
116,570
Readings that failed
133
Misses over 10 F
1,142

Who came closest on October 14, 2026

Every forecast at the same 70 airports, every hour of the day, against what the airports reported. The bar is how much closer than the NBM each came, to the right, or further, to the left, over temperature, dew point, wind and sky cover together.

  1. 1Storm Station correctionThe NBM with each station’s habit taken out, learned the day after+5.1%Temperature2.3 FDew point2.3 FWind2.5 mphSky cover15.9 points
  2. 2ECMWF AIFSArtificial Intelligence Forecasting System, the European Centre’s AI model+3.8%Temperature2.2 FDew point1.9 FWind3.1 mphSky cover17.6 points
  3. 3NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)NOAA’s statistical blend of many models, the national referenceReferenceTemperature2.4 FDew point2.1 FWind2.5 mphSky cover21.6 points
  4. 4National Weather Service forecastEach forecast office’s gridded forecast, the National Digital Forecast Database-0.1%Temperature2.3 FDew point2.2 FWind2.5 mphSky cover21.3 points
  5. 5Storm StationThe engine’s own forecast, as every page prints it-0.3%Temperature2.4 FDew point2.1 FWind2.5 mphSky cover21.9 points
  6. 6ECMWF IFSIntegrated Forecasting System, the European Centre’s global model-6.6%Temperature2.5 FDew point2.1 FWind2.9 mphSky cover23.5 points
  7. 7NOAA HRRRHigh-Resolution Rapid Refresh, NOAA’s 2 mile grid model, run every hour-9.7%Temperature2.7 FDew point2.4 FWind2.9 mphSky cover22.4 points
  8. 8NOAA NAMNorth American Mesoscale model, NOAA’s 2 mile grid model over the lower 48-19.7%Temperature2.7 FDew point2.7 FWind2.8 mphSky cover27.9 points
  9. 9NOAA GFSGlobal Forecast System, NOAA’s global model-24.5%Temperature2.7 FDew point3.1 FWind2.8 mphSky cover28.1 points

Every forecast, every day

The mean miss of each forecast on each day scored, all at the same 70 airports, over every hour ahead. Lower is closer. Choose a figure; choose a forecast below to show or hide it. Point to a day for its figures.

Mean miss of every forecast of the temperature, F, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 14, 2026. Lower is closer.1234FSep 29Oct 1Oct 3Oct 5Oct 7Oct 9Oct 11Oct 14GFS with HRRRNAMHRRRGFSIFSStorm StationNBMNWS forecastCorrectionAIFS
Mean miss of every forecast of the temperature, F, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 14, 2026. Lower is closer.1234FSep 29Oct 3Oct 7Oct 11Oct 14GFS with HRRRNAMHRRRGFSIFSStorm StationNBMNWS forecastCorrectionAIFS
Mean miss of every forecast of the dew point, F, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 14, 2026. Lower is closer.0246FSep 29Oct 1Oct 3Oct 5Oct 7Oct 9Oct 11Oct 14GFS with HRRRGFSNAMHRRRCorrectionNWS forecastStorm StationNBMIFSAIFS
Mean miss of every forecast of the dew point, F, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 14, 2026. Lower is closer.0246FSep 29Oct 3Oct 7Oct 11Oct 14GFS with HRRRGFSNAMHRRRCorrectionNWS forecastStorm StationNBMIFSAIFS
Mean miss of every forecast of the wind, mph, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 14, 2026. Lower is closer.1.522.533.54mphSep 29Oct 1Oct 3Oct 5Oct 7Oct 9Oct 11Oct 14AIFSIFSHRRRNAMGFSGFS with HRRRNBMNWS forecastCorrectionStorm Station
Mean miss of every forecast of the wind, mph, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 14, 2026. Lower is closer.1.522.533.54mphSep 29Oct 3Oct 7Oct 11Oct 14AIFSIFSHRRRNAMGFSGFS with HRRRNBMNWS forecastCorrectionStorm Station
Mean miss of every forecast of the sky cover, points, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 14, 2026. Lower is closer.10203040pointsSep 29Oct 1Oct 3Oct 5Oct 7Oct 9Oct 11Oct 14GFSNAMGFS with HRRRIFSHRRRStorm StationNBMNWS forecastAIFSCorrection
Mean miss of every forecast of the sky cover, points, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 14, 2026. Lower is closer.10203040pointsSep 29Oct 3Oct 7Oct 11Oct 14GFSNAMGFS with HRRRIFSHRRRStorm StationNBMNWS forecastAIFSCorrection

What changed

  1. Oct 13 is the first day all eight of its forecasts carry the NBM on Storm Station’s own hours, and from it the targets for sky cover in its category and for the first six hours compare Storm Station with that NBM.
  2. From the forecasts of 07 UTC Oct 11, the NBM is also scored on Storm Station’s own hours: the cycle Storm Station was made from, counted from the same hour. Until then the NBM was scored only from its own cycle, an hour earlier.
  3. Oct 11 is the first day the first six hours are also scored against the last reading carried forward, the measure the first hours must beat (T8).
  4. Oct 11 is the first day sky cover is also scored as the airport reports it: each forecast’s cover put in the category the airport’s sensor would report, from clear to overcast, against the category it reported.
  5. From the forecasts of 13 UTC on, Storm Station is made from the NBM’s cycle of the hour before each forecast, the newest posted; until then it was made from the cycle of two hours before, while the NBM is scored from its own cycle of the hour.
  6. Oct 6 is the first day each of the five models is scored from all eight of the day’s forecasts, so each is ranked beside Storm Station.
  7. NOAA GFS with HRRR, the two models laid together as one forecast, retired. Its days are kept as scored.
  8. From the forecasts of Oct 5 on, the five models are read from NOAA’s and ECMWF’s own published runs.
  9. NOAA’s GFS, HRRR and NAM and ECMWF’s IFS and AIFS joined, each compared on its own, from the forecasts of 19 UTC. A day that holds a model from fewer forecasts than Storm Station sets it aside.
  10. Storm Station became the engine’s own forecast at the forecasts of 13 UTC; before them it was the middle of the National Weather Service forecast and NOAA GFS with HRRR. Oct 3 and Oct 4 are scored from both, so its line changes meaning there.

Scorecard

Each forecast set against the NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM), the national reference, at the same places, figure by figure and by how many hours ahead it was made. A blue dot is closer than the NBM, a red one further, a gray one level; the larger the dot, the larger the gap. Point to one for both misses.

Each forecast against the NBM, October 14, 2026: how much closer (+) or further (-) its mean miss was, by figure and hours ahead
ForecastTemperatureDew pointWindSky cover
1 to 67 to 1213 to 1819 to 25All1 to 67 to 1213 to 1819 to 25All1 to 67 to 1213 to 1819 to 25All1 to 67 to 1213 to 1819 to 25All
Storm Stationat the 70 airports-1.4%0%-1.7%-0.4%-0.6%0%-1.5%0%-1.3%-0.9%+1.6%+1.2%+2%+1.2%+1.6%-1.5%-0.6%-0.8%-1.4%-1.1%
National Weather Service forecastat the 70 airports+5.4%+3.5%0%+1.2%+2.4%-3.1%-4.4%-3.2%-5.3%-4.1%+1.2%+0.4%+0.8%-2.3%+0.1%+5.3%+3.4%-2.1%-0.3%+1.4%
NOAA GFSat the 70 airports-15.8%-13.4%-12.7%-11.5%-13.1%-51.8%-52.2%-42.5%-41%-46.4%-7.1%-9.1%-7.1%-11.7%-8.8%-37.7%-32%-27.7%-23.1%-29.7%
NOAA HRRRat the 70 airports-7.7%-14.3%-19.1%-16.6%-13%-11.8%-15.1%-9.1%-12.8%-11.4%-8.3%-13.4%-13.7%-13.7%-11.4%-15.6%-3.7%-1.5%+3.7%-2.8%
NOAA NAMat the 70 airports-14.9%-15.2%-16.5%-17.8%-14.5%-30.8%-28.3%-22.4%-24.2%-25.3%-7.9%-11.5%-16.1%-12.5%-11.1%-25.2%-28.4%-30.1%-30.9%-27.7%
ECMWF IFSat the 70 airports-3.2%-6.1%-4.2%-4.7%-4.2%+3.6%+2%+1.8%+1.8%+2.3%-14.2%-15.4%-15.7%-18%-15.8%-4.6%-10.1%-10.5%-10.2%-8.6%
ECMWF AIFSat the 70 airports+3.2%+6.1%+6.4%+10.7%+7%+7.7%+9.3%+10%+11.9%+10%-19.3%-22.1%-21.2%-20.7%-20.7%+15.3%+16.5%+19%+22.5%+18.7%
Storm Station correctionat every airfield-0.8%-0.4%-0.4%0%-0.4%-3.3%-2.7%-2.2%-0.4%-1.8%0%+0.4%0%0%+0.4%+18.5%+19.9%+20.8%+19.9%+19.9%
  • 10% or more closer
  • 5 to 10% closer
  • 1 to 5% closer
  • level
  • 1 to 5% further
  • 5 to 10% further
  • 10% or more further

How the engine works

Everything the engine reads, and what happens to it. Readings are checked against the stations around them before they count. The forecast is served on every page, scored the next day against what happened, and every large miss is explained. What it learns becomes a challenger, and replaces the lead only when it wins over 14 days by a margin the test says is not luck. The counts are October 14, 2026’s.

How the Storm Station forecast engine works, with the counts of October 14, 2026: what it measures and reads, how readings are checked, how its forecast is served, scored the next day, explained, learned from, and changed only by testMeasured and forecastChecked and servedScoredLearnedAirfield reportsevery hour, every airportWeather stationsevery open network heardRadarevery few minutesRain and hail analysisradars and gauges, every hourNOAA National Blend of ModelsNBM, four cycles a dayNational Weather Service forecastcompared every dayNOAA and ECMWF modelsGFS, HRRR, NAM, IFS, AIFS: comparedChecked116,570 readings, 133 set asideWhat happened24 of 24 hours, hour by hourStorm Station engineevery input, each place, each hourServedevery page, card and answerScored the next day3,673,061 forecast hoursEach large miss explained1,142 over 10 F, who was wrongLearned36,574 figures, 17 days keptChallengerscored beside the leadPromoted by test14 days, under 5 in 100 by chance
  1. Measured

    • Airfield reports every hour, every airport
    • Weather stations every open network heard
    • Radar every few minutes
    • Rain and hail analysis radars and gauges, every hour
  2. Forecast

    • NOAA National Blend of Models NBM, four cycles a day
    • National Weather Service forecast compared every day
    • NOAA and ECMWF models GFS, HRRR, NAM, IFS, AIFS: compared
    • Storm Station engine every input, each place, each hour
    • Served every page, card and answer
  3. Checked

    • Checked 116,570 readings, 133 set aside
    • What happened 24 of 24 hours, hour by hour
  4. Scored

    • Scored the next day 3,673,061 forecast hours
    • Each large miss explained 1,142 over 10 F, who was wrong
  5. Learned

    • Learned 36,574 figures, 17 days kept
    • Challenger scored beside the lead
    • Promoted by test 14 days, under 5 in 100 by chance

The targets

Storm Station sets out to be closer than the NBM, the strongest forecast the country publishes, on every figure. A target counts as reached only when it is ahead over 14 days or more by a margin the test says is not luck. Today’s standing, at the same airports:

  1. T1Temperature closer than the NBMStorm Station 2.38 F, the NBM 2.36 FBehind today by 0.01 F
  2. T2Dew point closer than the NBMStorm Station 2.14 F, the NBM 2.12 FBehind today by 0.02 F
  3. T3Wind closer than the NBMStorm Station 2.51 mph, the NBM 2.55 mphAhead today by 0.04 mph
  4. T4Sky cover closer than the NBMStorm Station 21.88 points, the NBM 21.64 pointsBehind today by 0.23 points
  5. T4Sky cover as the airport reports it: in its category more often than the NBMStorm Station 43 in 100 hours, the NBM 43; off by 0.67 categories, the NBM 0.67Level today
  6. T5An honest band: 66 to 70 in 100 readings inside it71 in 100 for temperature; the NBM 52Too wide today
  7. T6Rain chance: more skill than the NBMskill 0.37 against 0.41, 1 to 6 hours aheadBehind today by 0.04
  8. T7Rain amount: a higher threat score than the NBM0.29 against 0.30 at 0.01 inchBehind today by 0.01
  9. T8The first six hours: closer than the NBM and than the last reading carried forwardStorm Station 2.24 F, the NBM 2.23 F, the last reading carried forward 4.21 F, temperature 1 to 6 hours aheadBehind today by 0.01 F

Every day scored

The NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield, scored on the same hours, which is the evidence the correction is tested on; how often the temperature forecast came within 5 F; and how many misses of more than 10 F each day had. The table holds every day; choose one for its own page.

Temperature, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

Mean miss of each forecast of the temperature, F, each day scored from September 28, 2026 to October 14, 2026: the NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield01234Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 14CorrectionNBM
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Wind, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

Mean miss of each forecast of the wind, mph, each day scored from September 28, 2026 to October 14, 2026: the NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield01234Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 14NBMCorrection
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Dew point, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

Mean miss of each forecast of the dew point, F, each day scored from September 28, 2026 to October 14, 2026: the NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield0123Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 14CorrectionNBM
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Sky cover, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

Mean miss of each forecast of the sky cover, points, each day scored from September 28, 2026 to October 14, 2026: the NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield010203040Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 14NBMCorrection
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Temperature, hours within 5 F, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

The share of hours each temperature forecast was within 5 F, each day scored80%85%90%95%100%Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 14NBMCorrection
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Misses of more than 10 F

Misses of more than 10 F each day scored05001,0001,500Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 14Misses
Misses
Every day scored, over all hours ahead
DayHoursStorm Station, temperatureBlend, temperatureWithin 5 FStorm Station, windBlend, windRain skill, 1 to 6 hMisses over 10 FReadings that failed
October 14, 2026242.4 F2.6 F91 in 1002.5 mph2.6 mph0.361,142133
October 13, 2026242.2 F2.4 F93 in 1002.5 mph2.5 mph0.321,229139
October 12, 2026242.2 F2.3 F92 in 1002.7 mph2.8 mph0.38871141
October 11, 2026242.3 F2.5 F92 in 1003.0 mph3.0 mph0.48581156
October 10, 2026242.4 F2.6 F89 in 1003.1 mph3.2 mph0.46889243
October 9, 2026242.2 F2.5 F93 in 1002.5 mph2.6 mph0.46746380
October 8, 2026242.1 F2.5 F94 in 1002.4 mph2.3 mph0.39575323
October 7, 2026242.2 F2.6 F94 in 1002.5 mph2.3 mph0.33659262
October 6, 2026242.0 F2.5 F95 in 1002.4 mph2.5 mph0.34518302
October 5, 2026242.2 F2.5 F94 in 1002.6 mph2.5 mph0.41539303
October 4, 2026242.2 F2.5 F93 in 1002.3 mph2.4 mph0.34507244
October 3, 2026242.3 F2.4 F92 in 1002.3 mph2.5 mph0.24505246
October 2, 2026242.1 F2.3 F92 in 1002.4 mph2.6 mph0.39376219
October 1, 2026241.9 F2.3 F95 in 1002.5 mph2.6 mph0.44500169
September 30, 2026242.1 F2.3 F94 in 1002.4 mph2.5 mph0.44364191
September 29, 2026241.9 F2.3 F95 in 1002.5 mph2.5 mph0.38388154
September 28, 2026242.4 F2.4 F91 in 1002.4 mph2.4 mph-421171

October 14, 2026, in depth

How far ahead the forecast was made

A forecast made an hour ahead should come closer than one made a day ahead. Each point is the mean miss of the forecasts made that far ahead.

Temperature

Mean miss of each forecast of the temperature by how far ahead it was made, October 14, 2026012341 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hNAMHRRRGFSNBMCorrectionECMWF IFSStorm StationNWS forecastECMWF AIFS
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station lead National Weather Service forecast NOAA GFS NOAA HRRR NOAA NAM ECMWF IFS ECMWF AIFS Storm Station correction

Wind

Mean miss of each forecast of the wind by how far ahead it was made, October 14, 2026012341 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hECMWF AIFSECMWF IFSHRRRNAMGFSNWS forecastNBMCorrectionStorm Station
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station lead National Weather Service forecast NOAA GFS NOAA HRRR NOAA NAM ECMWF IFS ECMWF AIFS Storm Station correction

Dew point

Mean miss of each forecast of the dew point by how far ahead it was made, October 14, 2026012341 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hGFSNAMHRRRNWS forecastCorrectionNBMStorm StationECMWF IFSECMWF AIFS
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station lead National Weather Service forecast NOAA GFS NOAA HRRR NOAA NAM ECMWF IFS ECMWF AIFS Storm Station correction

Sky cover

Mean miss of each forecast of the sky cover by how far ahead it was made, October 14, 20260102030401 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hNAMNBMGFSECMWF IFSStorm StationNWS forecastCorrectionHRRRECMWF AIFS
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station lead National Weather Service forecast NOAA GFS NOAA HRRR NOAA NAM ECMWF IFS ECMWF AIFS Storm Station correction

Which way each forecast missed

A bar to the right ran high, warm or strong; to the left, low, cool or light. A forecast that runs one way day after day is the easiest to correct, and the correction learns it.

Temperature

Which way each forecast of the temperature ran, on averagecoolwarmNBM0.4 F warmStorm Station0.1 F warmNWS forecast0.1 F coolGFS0.1 F warmHRRR1.1 F coolNAM0.3 F coolECMWF IFS0.5 F coolECMWF AIFS0.9 F coolCorrection0.2 F warm

Wind

Which way each forecast of the wind ran, on averagelightstrongNBM0.3 mph strongStorm Station0.4 mph strongNWS forecast0.2 mph strongGFS0.3 mph lightHRRR0.7 mph lightNAM0.7 mph lightECMWF IFS1.3 mph lightECMWF AIFS1.3 mph lightCorrection0.3 mph light

Dew point

Which way each forecast of the dew point ran, on averagedrymoistNBM0.1 F moistStorm Station0.4 F moistNWS forecast0.6 F moistGFS2.1 F dryHRRR0.4 F dryNAM1.4 F moistECMWF IFS0.6 F moistECMWF AIFS0.2 F moistCorrection0.5 F dry

Sky cover

Which way each forecast of the sky cover ran, on averageclearcloudyNBM19.4 points clearStorm Station17.6 points clearNWS forecast16.0 points clearGFS14.6 points clearHRRR5.3 points clearNAM14.9 points clearECMWF IFS14.3 points clearECMWF AIFS10.9 points clearCorrection4.7 points clear

Closest

The 12 airfields the temperature forecast came closest at, of those with 12 hours or more
AirfieldStateMean missRanHoursMisses over 10 F, who was wrong
KPTW Heritage FieldPA0.5 Feven16-
PAGM Gambell AirportAK0.5 F0.2 F warm100-
KNOG Orange Grove Naval Auxiliary Landing FieldTX0.5 F0.1 F warm88-
KARM Wharton Regional AirportTX0.6 F0.2 F cool100-
PAIW Wales AirportAK0.6 F0.3 F cool51-
KCIU Chippewa County International AirportMI0.7 F0.1 F cool100-
KCWF Chennault International AirportLA0.7 F0.1 F cool91-
KMTH Florida Keys Marathon International AirportFL0.7 F0.3 F cool100-
KATP-0.7 Feven100-
KGRY-0.7 F0.2 F warm100-
KFMY Page FieldFL0.7 F0.1 F cool100-
PAUT Akutan AirportAK0.7 Feven21-

Furthest

The 12 airfields it missed most at, and who was wrong in its misses over 10 F
AirfieldStateMean missRanHoursMisses over 10 F, who was wrong
KC99-12.7 F12.7 F warm17-
KDDC Dodge City Regional AirportKS9.0 F9.0 F warm100cannot be told 2
KDUX Moore County AirportTX9.0 F8.1 F warm92the forecast, at this station 4, the forecast, across the area 2
K1NW-8.8 F6.5 F warm100the forecast, at this station 3
KEHA Elkhart Morton County AirportKS8.8 F8.8 F warm100the forecast, at this station 2
KGUY Guymon Municipal AirportOK8.8 F8.6 F warm100the forecast, across the area 2
KLBL Liberal Mid-America Regional AirportKS8.7 F8.7 F warm100the forecast, across the area 3
KEWK Newton City-County AirportKS8.7 F8.7 F warm84-
KMHT Manchester-Boston Regional AirportNH8.7 F7.3 F warm100the forecast, at this station 4
KPSM Portsmouth International Airport at PeaseNH8.5 F8.4 F warm100the forecast, at this station 2
KJHN Stanton County Municipal AirportKS8.3 F8.3 F warm96the forecast, across the area 2
KHQG Hugoton Municipal AirportKS8.3 F8.3 F warm96the forecast, across the area 5

Why the large misses happened

Every miss of more than 10 F is looked at against the stations around it, to say whether the forecast was wrong or the instrument was.

  • The station24The reading failed its check against its neighbours: the station was wrong, not the forecast.
  • The forecast, across the area287Most of the stations around it were missed the same way.
  • The forecast, at this station668Its neighbours were forecast well: its ground, its siting or a boundary the forecast did not place.
  • Cannot be told163Too few stations stand near it to say which was wrong.
The 200 largest misses of October 14, 2026
AirfieldHourSaidReadOff byIts neighboursHours aheadWho was wrong
KGVW13 UTC63 F82.4 F19.4 F low79.8 F1The forecast, at this station
KGVW14 UTC64 F82.4 F18.4 F low82.1 F2The forecast, at this station
KBAN16 UTC46 F28.0 F18.0 F high-4Cannot be told
KGVW11 UTC65 F82.4 F17.4 F low79.8 F5The forecast, at this station
KGVW12 UTC65 F82.4 F17.4 F low78.7 F6The forecast, at this station
KGVW15 UTC65 F82.4 F17.4 F low83.9 F3The forecast, at this station
KGVW18 UTC65 F82.4 F17.4 F low87.7 F6The forecast, at this station
KEKS00 UTC53 F35.6 F17.4 F high37.2 F12The forecast, at this station
KGVW20 UTC67 F84.2 F17.2 F low88.8 F2The forecast, at this station
K1MM18 UTC54 F37.2 F16.8 F high46.8 F6The forecast, at this station
K1NW19 UTC60 F43.5 F16.5 F high43.9 F7The forecast, at this station
KGVW09 UTC66 F82.4 F16.4 F low80.7 F3The forecast, at this station
KGVW10 UTC66 F82.4 F16.4 F low79.8 F4The forecast, at this station
KGVW16 UTC66 F82.4 F16.4 F low86.8 F4The forecast, at this station
KGVW17 UTC66 F82.4 F16.4 F low87.5 F5The forecast, at this station
KGVW21 UTC66 F82.4 F16.4 F low88.7 F3The forecast, at this station
KGVW22 UTC66 F82.4 F16.4 F low86.8 F4The forecast, at this station
KGVW23 UTC66 F82.4 F16.4 F low83.9 F5The forecast, at this station
K1MM22 UTC57 F40.6 F16.4 F high48.2 F10The forecast, at this station
KCID01 UTC68 F84.2 F16.2 F low68.0 F1The station
KHYS00 UTC73 F57.0 F16.0 F high60.6 F6The forecast, across the area
KTAD22 UTC64 F48.0 F16.0 F high-4Cannot be told
K1MM19 UTC56 F40.5 F15.5 F high47.8 F7The forecast, at this station
KGVW08 UTC67 F82.4 F15.4 F low79.8 F2The forecast, at this station
KGVW19 UTC67 F82.4 F15.4 F low89.3 F1The forecast, at this station
KGYI20 UTC87 F71.6 F15.4 F high82.8 F2The forecast, at this station
K36K00 UTC78 F62.6 F15.4 F high65.2 F6The forecast, across the area
KLQR00 UTC78 F62.6 F15.4 F high62.8 F6The forecast, across the area
KWYS19 UTC51 F35.6 F15.4 F high-7Cannot be told
KDUX18 UTC67 F51.8 F15.2 F high55.7 F6The forecast, at this station
KDDC00 UTC80 F64.9 F15.1 F high-6Cannot be told
KHUT00 UTC80 F64.9 F15.1 F high69.1 F6The forecast, across the area
KRAL14 UTC54 F69.1 F15.1 F low53.6 F2The station
K1IM00 UTC54 F39.0 F15.0 F high44.5 F12The forecast, at this station
KBAN15 UTC34 F19.0 F15.0 F high-3Cannot be told
KBAN17 UTC54 F39.0 F15.0 F high-5Cannot be told
KDHT20 UTC67 F52.0 F15.0 F high-2Cannot be told
KDHT21 UTC67 F52.0 F15.0 F high-3Cannot be told
KDHT22 UTC67 F52.0 F15.0 F high-4Cannot be told
KDHT23 UTC67 F52.0 F15.0 F high-5Cannot be told
KGCK00 UTC79 F64.0 F15.0 F high63.9 F6The forecast, across the area
KGUY20 UTC69 F54.0 F15.0 F high52.1 F14The forecast, across the area
KSIY03 UTC61 F46.0 F15.0 F high50.8 F15The forecast, at this station
KLYO00 UTC78 F63.1 F14.9 F high64.0 F6The forecast, across the area
KTCC23 UTC77 F62.1 F14.9 F high-5Cannot be told
K1IM21 UTC58 F43.3 F14.7 F high51.2 F9The forecast, at this station
KTMT18 UTC59 F44.4 F14.6 F high-6Cannot be told
KGVW07 UTC68 F82.4 F14.4 F low80.2 F1The forecast, at this station
KDUX22 UTC68 F53.6 F14.4 F high55.7 F4The forecast, at this station
KDUX23 UTC68 F53.6 F14.4 F high55.7 F5The forecast, across the area
KEKS18 UTC50 F35.6 F14.4 F high35.5 F6The forecast, across the area
K1CM22 UTC56 F41.7 F14.3 F high47.6 F10The forecast, at this station
KEHA18 UTC63 F48.7 F14.3 F high49.6 F12The forecast, at this station
K1IM19 UTC55 F40.8 F14.2 F high48.4 F7The forecast, at this station
K22N09 UTC66 F51.8 F14.2 F high62.1 F3The forecast, at this station
K22N10 UTC66 F51.8 F14.2 F high61.5 F4The forecast, at this station
KDUX17 UTC66 F51.8 F14.2 F high54.8 F5The forecast, at this station
KBGD21 UTC70 F55.9 F14.1 F high60.4 F3The forecast, across the area
KPSM15 UTC69 F54.9 F14.1 F high62.5 F3The forecast, at this station
KTAD23 UTC61 F46.9 F14.1 F high-5Cannot be told
K05U20 UTC64 F50.0 F14.0 F high-8Cannot be told
K06D20 UTC55 F41.0 F14.0 F high41.9 F8The forecast, across the area
K06D21 UTC55 F41.0 F14.0 F high43.5 F9The forecast, across the area
K1BM18 UTC57 F43.0 F14.0 F high43.2 F6The forecast, across the area
K1IM20 UTC57 F43.0 F14.0 F high49.8 F8The forecast, at this station
KAGO20 UTC91 F77.0 F14.0 F high89.9 F2The station
KD5522 UTC55 F41.0 F14.0 F high43.5 F10The forecast, across the area
KD6016 UTC46 F32.0 F14.0 F high40.2 F4The forecast, at this station
KDHT18 UTC66 F52.0 F14.0 F high-6Cannot be told
KDLN20 UTC51 F37.0 F14.0 F high43.3 F8Cannot be told
KDLN21 UTC53 F39.0 F14.0 F high45.1 F9Cannot be told
KHQG19 UTC64 F50.0 F14.0 F high50.1 F13The forecast, across the area
KLBL19 UTC66 F52.0 F14.0 F high51.1 F13The forecast, across the area
KMHT12 UTC62 F48.0 F14.0 F high52.2 F6The forecast, at this station
KMHT14 UTC66 F52.0 F14.0 F high61.2 F2The forecast, at this station
KMHT15 UTC69 F55.0 F14.0 F high67.2 F3The forecast, at this station
KRSL00 UTC73 F59.0 F14.0 F high62.8 F6The forecast, across the area
KSIY06 UTC55 F41.0 F14.0 F high42.9 F18The forecast, across the area
KSPD23 UTC62 F48.0 F14.0 F high47.8 F17The forecast, across the area
KTAD21 UTC66 F52.0 F14.0 F high-3Cannot be told
KTVL15 UTC37 F23.0 F14.0 F high24.4 F3The forecast, at this station
KTVL16 UTC48 F34.0 F14.0 F high33.8 F4The forecast, across the area
KWYS18 UTC46 F32.0 F14.0 F high-6Cannot be told
KNFG14 UTC57 F43.0 F14.0 F high54.4 F2The forecast, at this station
KMLC18 UTC83 F69.1 F13.9 F high70.6 F6The forecast, at this station
KDLN19 UTC49 F35.1 F13.9 F high39.7 F7Cannot be told
KGTF21 UTC58 F44.1 F13.9 F high51.5 F9The forecast, at this station
KMEV13 UTC35 F21.2 F13.8 F high28.3 F1The forecast, at this station
KTSP14 UTC44 F30.2 F13.8 F high34.2 F2The forecast, at this station
K1BM21 UTC60 F46.2 F13.8 F high45.5 F9The forecast, across the area
KOEL00 UTC67 F53.2 F13.8 F high55.1 F6The forecast, across the area
KPSM14 UTC66 F52.2 F13.8 F high54.9 F2The forecast, at this station
KPTT00 UTC80 F66.2 F13.8 F high63.6 F6The forecast, across the area
KTQK00 UTC73 F59.2 F13.8 F high62.9 F6The forecast, across the area
K1AM00 UTC52 F38.3 F13.7 F high39.9 F12The forecast, at this station
KE4217 UTC66 F52.3 F13.7 F high55.3 F5The forecast, at this station
K08D17 UTC51 F37.4 F13.6 F high44.6 F5The forecast, at this station
K1CM19 UTC56 F42.4 F13.6 F high46.5 F7The forecast, at this station
K1CM21 UTC58 F44.4 F13.6 F high48.8 F9The forecast, at this station
KMEV06 UTC42 F28.4 F13.6 F high36.1 F6The forecast, at this station
KDUA19 UTC87 F73.4 F13.6 F high88.0 F1The station
K1BM17 UTC54 F40.5 F13.5 F high41.0 F5The forecast, at this station
KLLR19 UTC60 F73.4 F13.4 F low-1Cannot be told
KADM18 UTC85 F71.6 F13.4 F high72.9 F6The forecast, at this station
K05U22 UTC67 F53.6 F13.4 F high-10Cannot be told
K1BM20 UTC60 F46.6 F13.4 F high48.5 F8The forecast, at this station
K22N06 UTC67 F53.6 F13.4 F high66.1 F6The forecast, at this station
K22N07 UTC67 F53.6 F13.4 F high63.7 F1The forecast, at this station
K22N08 UTC67 F53.6 F13.4 F high62.4 F2The forecast, at this station
KDUX20 UTC67 F53.6 F13.4 F high54.8 F2The forecast, at this station
KDUX21 UTC67 F53.6 F13.4 F high53.7 F3The forecast, across the area
KEKS01 UTC49 F35.6 F13.4 F high34.4 F13The forecast, at this station
KMEV15 UTC40 F26.6 F13.4 F high31.6 F3The forecast, at this station
KTSP15 UTC49 F35.6 F13.4 F high37.5 F3The forecast, at this station
K1DM21 UTC59 F45.7 F13.3 F high49.4 F9The forecast, at this station
K1NW18 UTC57 F43.7 F13.3 F high43.7 F6The forecast, at this station
KGTB02 UTC62 F48.7 F13.3 F high45.4 F2The forecast, at this station
KTMT17 UTC50 F36.7 F13.3 F high-5Cannot be told
K22N12 UTC65 F51.8 F13.2 F high62.4 F6The forecast, at this station
K9K700 UTC74 F60.8 F13.2 F high-6Cannot be told
KEKS17 UTC47 F33.8 F13.2 F high33.5 F5The forecast, at this station
KHQG21 UTC65 F51.8 F13.2 F high50.6 F15The forecast, across the area
KHQG22 UTC65 F51.8 F13.2 F high51.7 F16The forecast, across the area
K3U318 UTC50 F36.9 F13.1 F high38.2 F6Cannot be told
KBGD23 UTC71 F57.9 F13.1 F high61.4 F5The forecast, across the area
KEHA17 UTC62 F48.9 F13.1 F high48.7 F11The forecast, at this station
KSPD20 UTC62 F48.9 F13.1 F high46.7 F14The forecast, across the area
KSPD21 UTC62 F48.9 F13.1 F high46.5 F15The forecast, across the area
K06D19 UTC54 F41.0 F13.0 F high41.9 F7The forecast, across the area
K08D18 UTC54 F41.0 F13.0 F high46.7 F6The forecast, at this station
KADH17 UTC81 F68.0 F13.0 F high69.3 F5The forecast, at this station
KART00 UTC63 F50.0 F13.0 F high50.3 F6The forecast, at this station
KASH13 UTC63 F50.0 F13.0 F high54.8 F1The forecast, at this station
KBGD17 UTC70 F57.0 F13.0 F high60.4 F11The forecast, at this station
KCAO19 UTC67 F54.0 F13.0 F high-13Cannot be told
KCON15 UTC68 F55.0 F13.0 F high62.6 F3The forecast, at this station
KD5519 UTC54 F41.0 F13.0 F high43.1 F7The forecast, across the area
KD5520 UTC54 F41.0 F13.0 F high42.6 F8The forecast, across the area
KGBD00 UTC77 F64.0 F13.0 F high62.7 F6The forecast, across the area
KGCK01 UTC72 F59.0 F13.0 F high59.7 F1The forecast, across the area
KGTF20 UTC56 F43.0 F13.0 F high49.8 F8The forecast, at this station
KGUY15 UTC63 F50.0 F13.0 F high50.3 F9The forecast, across the area
KHQG17 UTC63 F50.0 F13.0 F high50.0 F11The forecast, across the area
KHQG18 UTC63 F50.0 F13.0 F high50.0 F12The forecast, across the area
KHYS01 UTC67 F54.0 F13.0 F high57.6 F1The forecast, across the area
KLBL18 UTC65 F52.0 F13.0 F high51.0 F12The forecast, across the area
KLMT04 UTC50 F37.0 F13.0 F high-16Cannot be told
KLNK02 UTC63 F50.0 F13.0 F high55.4 F20The forecast, at this station
KLWM14 UTC68 F55.0 F13.0 F high66.6 F2The forecast, at this station
KMHK00 UTC77 F64.0 F13.0 F high64.9 F6The forecast, across the area
KMHT13 UTC63 F50.0 F13.0 F high54.6 F1The forecast, at this station
KRDK00 UTC72 F59.0 F13.0 F high58.1 F18The forecast, across the area
KSIY04 UTC59 F46.0 F13.0 F high47.1 F16The forecast, across the area
KSRE18 UTC81 F68.0 F13.0 F high69.1 F12The forecast, across the area
KULS00 UTC81 F68.0 F13.0 F high67.0 F6The forecast, across the area
KWYS20 UTC54 F41.0 F13.0 F high-8Cannot be told
KICT01 UTC82 F69.1 F12.9 F high69.5 F13The forecast, across the area
K1CM18 UTC55 F42.1 F12.9 F high45.7 F6The forecast, at this station
KCON14 UTC64 F51.1 F12.9 F high54.6 F2The forecast, at this station
KDDC01 UTC73 F60.1 F12.9 F high-1Cannot be told
KDHT19 UTC66 F53.1 F12.9 F high-1Cannot be told
KGAG20 UTC73 F60.1 F12.9 F high-14Cannot be told
KGLD00 UTC66 F53.1 F12.9 F high52.8 F18The forecast, across the area
KGTB03 UTC62 F49.1 F12.9 F high45.9 F3The forecast, at this station
KHUT03 UTC73 F60.1 F12.9 F high62.4 F21The forecast, across the area
KLBL17 UTC64 F51.1 F12.9 F high51.1 F11The forecast, across the area
KP6820 UTC64 F51.1 F12.9 F high-8Cannot be told
KRSL03 UTC66 F53.1 F12.9 F high55.9 F21The forecast, across the area
KSIY05 UTC57 F44.1 F12.9 F high44.2 F17The forecast, across the area
KSIY10 UTC48 F35.1 F12.9 F high39.5 F22The forecast, at this station
KSIY11 UTC46 F33.1 F12.9 F high38.1 F23The forecast, at this station
KSLN01 UTC75 F62.1 F12.9 F high63.6 F19The forecast, across the area
KNFG13 UTC57 F44.1 F12.9 F high55.2 F1The forecast, at this station
K0F221 UTC88 F75.2 F12.8 F high89.7 F3The station
K4S121 UTC57 F69.8 F12.8 F low71.4 F3Cannot be told
K8V721 UTC61 F48.2 F12.8 F high46.5 F15The forecast, across the area
K8V723 UTC61 F48.2 F12.8 F high47.9 F17The forecast, across the area
KEKS19 UTC52 F39.2 F12.8 F high39.0 F7The forecast, across the area
KGTB01 UTC63 F50.2 F12.8 F high45.4 F1The forecast, at this station
KJHN20 UTC61 F48.2 F12.8 F high50.3 F14The forecast, across the area
KJHN21 UTC61 F48.2 F12.8 F high50.8 F15The forecast, across the area
KMYZ00 UTC70 F57.2 F12.8 F high62.1 F6The forecast, across the area
K1F018 UTC85 F72.3 F12.7 F high79.2 F6The forecast, at this station
K1NW06 UTC35 F47.7 F12.7 F low45.5 F6The forecast, at this station
KOEL02 UTC62 F49.3 F12.7 F high48.5 F20The forecast, across the area
KLQR04 UTC68 F55.4 F12.6 F high55.2 F22The forecast, across the area
KMYZ01 UTC68 F55.4 F12.6 F high60.1 F19The forecast, at this station
KNRN02 UTC59 F46.4 F12.6 F high49.1 F20The forecast, at this station
KO2614 UTC50 F37.4 F12.6 F high-2Cannot be told
K0F220 UTC88 F75.4 F12.6 F high89.0 F2The station
K3K300 UTC77 F64.4 F12.6 F high62.6 F6The forecast, across the area
KBDQ18 UTC86 F73.4 F12.6 F high82.7 F6The forecast, at this station
KCCA19 UTC86 F73.4 F12.6 F high75.6 F1The forecast, across the area
KMPR00 UTC77 F64.4 F12.6 F high77.0 F6The forecast, across the area
KRKR21 UTC86 F73.4 F12.6 F high75.3 F3The forecast, at this station
K1CM23 UTC54 F41.5 F12.5 F high49.5 F11The forecast, at this station
K1P115 UTC62 F49.5 F12.5 F high57.0 F3The forecast, at this station
KK8202 UTC63 F50.5 F12.5 F high50.3 F20The forecast, across the area
KLYO03 UTC71 F58.5 F12.5 F high58.3 F21The forecast, across the area
KTMT19 UTC63 F50.5 F12.5 F high-7Cannot be told

Which forecast leads

The Storm Station correction is scored beside the NBM every day, with only what was known before that day. It takes the lead for a figure only when the Diebold and Mariano test, over at least 14 days, finds it better with less than a 5 in 100 chance of luck. Sky cover must also be better in the category the airport reports, over 14 days of those from October 11. Until then the NBM leads.

  • Temperature NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)17 days scored, gain 0.05 F a day, chance of luck 0.257
  • Dew point NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)17 days scored, gain 0.05 F a day, chance of luck 0.056
  • Wind NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)17 days scored, gain 0.01 mph a day, chance of luck 0.576
  • Sky cover NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)16 days scored, gain 2.51 points a day, chance of luck 0.003

The full figures, October 14, 2026

Temperature

Mean miss, F, by how far ahead the forecast was made
Forecast1 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hAllRanInside its bandHours
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)2.52.62.62.72.6+0.452%240,206
Storm Station correction2.52.62.62.72.6+0.271%240,206
National Weather Service forecast2.12.22.42.52.3-0.1-6,956
NOAA GFS2.62.62.72.82.7+0.1-6,945
NOAA HRRR2.42.62.83.02.7-1.1-6,656
NOAA NAM2.52.72.83.02.7-0.3-6,656
ECMWF IFS2.32.52.52.62.5-0.5-2,224
ECMWF AIFS2.12.22.22.32.2-0.9-1,110
Storm Station lead2.22.32.42.52.4+0.158%6,956
NBM, at the 70 airports2.22.32.42.52.4+0.158%6,970
Correction, at the 70 airports2.12.22.32.52.3+0.372%6,970

Dew point

Mean miss, F, by how far ahead the forecast was made
Forecast1 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hAllRanInside its bandHours
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)2.12.22.32.32.3+0.164%239,213
Storm Station correction2.22.32.32.42.3-0.571%239,213
National Weather Service forecast2.02.12.32.42.2+0.6-6,965
NOAA GFS3.03.13.13.23.1-2.1-6,954
NOAA HRRR2.22.42.42.62.4-0.4-6,665
NOAA NAM2.52.62.72.82.7+1.4-6,665
ECMWF IFS1.92.02.12.22.1+0.6-2,224
ECMWF AIFS1.81.92.02.01.9+0.2-1,110
Storm Station lead1.92.12.22.32.1+0.468%6,965
NBM, at the 70 airports1.92.02.22.32.1+0.368%6,979
Correction, at the 70 airports2.22.32.42.42.3-0.166%6,979

Wind

Mean miss, mph, by how far ahead the forecast was made
Forecast1 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hAllRanInside its bandHours
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)2.52.52.62.62.6+0.351%240,001
Storm Station correction2.52.52.62.62.5-0.370%240,001
National Weather Service forecast2.52.52.52.62.5+0.2-6,906
NOAA GFS2.72.82.72.92.8-0.3-6,941
NOAA HRRR2.82.92.92.92.9-0.7-6,652
NOAA NAM2.72.83.02.92.9-0.7-6,652
ECMWF IFS2.92.93.03.03.0-1.3-2,216
ECMWF AIFS3.03.13.13.13.1-1.3-1,106
Storm Station lead2.52.52.52.52.5+0.4-6,952
NBM, at the 70 airports2.52.52.52.62.5+0.554%6,967
Correction, at the 70 airports2.52.52.52.52.5-0.273%6,967

Sky cover

Mean miss, %, by how far ahead the forecast was made
Forecast1 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hAllRanInside its bandHours
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)25.326.327.128.126.8-19.449%129,697
Storm Station correction20.621.121.422.521.4-4.786%129,697
National Weather Service forecast19.520.622.322.821.3-16.0-5,296
NOAA GFS28.428.127.927.928.1-14.6-5,286
NOAA HRRR23.822.122.121.922.4-5.3-5,004
NOAA NAM25.827.328.429.727.9-14.9-5,004
ECMWF IFS21.523.424.125.023.5-14.3-1,716
ECMWF AIFS17.417.817.717.617.6-10.9-850
Storm Station lead20.921.422.023.021.9-17.6-5,296
NBM, at the 70 airports20.621.321.822.721.6-17.354%5,311
Correction, at the 70 airports15.215.415.917.015.9-1.488%5,311

Rain

The chance of rain in each hour is scored by the Brier score: the mean square of the chance less what happened, 0 when it did not rain and 1 when it did. Lower is better; skill compares it with always forecasting how often it rained. The amount is scored at 0.01 and 0.10 inch by the equitable threat score, which gives no credit for hits chance would have made.

ForecastBrier, 1 to 6 hBrier, 7 to 12 hBrier, 13 to 18 hBrier, 19 to 25 hSkill, 1 to 6 hThreat score, 0.01 inThreat score, 0.10 in
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)0.0350.0380.0390.0400.360.240.14
Storm Station lead0.0400.0420.0430.0480.370.290.24
NBM, at the 70 airports0.0370.0420.0430.0440.410.300.23

Snow

The day’s new snow at every snow telemetry station, against the NBM’s 24 hour snow. A pillow’s rise counts as snow only when water came with it.

Stations scored
569
Where snow fell or was forecast
129
Mean miss, depth
2.5 in
Sensors set aside
0
New snow of at leastHitsMissesFalse alarmsThreat score
1 in537690.35
3 in265350.36
6 in35160.12

How it is scored

What happened. For each hour, each airfield’s routine report from 15 minutes before the hour to 5 minutes after. Rain in the hour counts only where the station has a working gauge; a station without one has no zero to give.

The check. Each reading is compared with the stations within 60 miles and 2,000 ft of its height, their readings carried to its height. One further from the middle of them than four times their spread, and never less than 10 F, fails, and is neither scored nor learned from. With too few neighbours, the analysis of record is the second opinion.

The scores. The mean miss, and whether a forecast ran warm or cold. A forecast that gives its own spread is also scored on its band: an honest band holds about 68 in 100 readings. Within 5 F, 5 mph or 25 points of sky cover is the share of hours that came that close. Units are F, miles an hour and per cent of the sky.

The forecasts. NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM): NOAA’s statistical blend of many models, for every airfield, four cycles a day. Storm Station correction: The NBM with each station’s own habit taken out, learned the day after. National Weather Service forecast: Each forecast office’s gridded forecast (the National Digital Forecast Database), as the weather cards read it. NOAA GFS: Global Forecast System, NOAA’s global model, at the 70 airports. NOAA HRRR: High-Resolution Rapid Refresh, NOAA’s 2 mile grid model, run every hour, at the 70 airports. NOAA NAM: North American Mesoscale model, NOAA’s 2 mile grid model over the lower 48, at the 70 airports. ECMWF IFS: Integrated Forecasting System, the European Centre’s global model, at the 70 airports. ECMWF AIFS: Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System, the European Centre’s AI model, at the 70 airports. NOAA GFS with HRRR: NOAA’s HRRR for the hours it reaches, laid over NOAA’s GFS, as one forecast, as the weather cards read it, at a panel of 70 airports. Storm Station lead: The engine’s own forecast from the NBM’s stations near each airport, as the cards print it; before 13 UTC Oct 3, the middle of the National Weather Service forecast and NOAA GFS with HRRR. NBM, at the 70 airports: The same NBM, scored only at the 70 airports the lead is scored at, so the two compare the same places. Correction, at the 70 airports: The Storm Station correction, scored only at the 70 airports the lead is scored at.

The same figures, as data: /api/accuracy, and the developer page for every field.