Live/Sources and citations

Sources and citations

The licences Storm Station 247 works under, the credit each one asks for, and every work the Field Book cites.

Licences

Two sets of data are published under licences that ask for credit where they are used; the credit itself, as each licence asks for it, follows the table.

Data	Licence	Used for
Map data	Open Database Licence	Naming a place from its position, and finding a position from a name, in the weather and geocoding answers.
Stadium maps	Open Database Licence	Each stadium's outline, its field, the buildings, the parking lots and the streets on its map (/stadiums), its credit shown on the map.
Theme parks	Open Database Licence	Each theme park and water park (/theme-parks): its name, its outline and its kind, and its map: the water, the buildings, the walks, the parking lots and the streets, its credit shown on the map.
Golf courses	Open Database Licence	Each golf course (/golf-courses): its name and its outline, and its map: the fairways, greens, tees, bunkers and water hazards of its holes, its paths, the water and the streets, its credit shown on the map.
Beaches	Open Database Licence	The beaches the federal register of names does not carry (/beaches), each named, placed and given its state as the open map has it.
State parks	Open Database Licence	The state parks (/parks), each named, placed, measured and given its state as the open map has it.
Parks	Public domain, a work of the United States government	Each unit of the national park system (/parks): its name, its designation and its boundary, from which its point and its area are measured.
Storm basin chart	Public domain	The land, the borders and the states on the storm tracker's chart (/storms).
Country map, close in	Public domain	The rivers, the names of the land, its capes and falls, the counties' lines, and the order in which the cities and towns are named, on the front door's map (/).
Weather radars	Public domain, a work of the United States government	Each radar's place and the height of its ground, and whether it is sending now, in what a press on the radar map reads (/radar).
Multi radar analysis	Public domain, a work of the United States government	The storm analysis on the radar map (/radar): the echo nearest the ground, the size of the hail and its track, the height of a hail core, the turning of the wind near the ground and its track, what is falling, the last hour's rain checked by the gauges, and how well the radars see each place; and the rain and hail that fell at every place.
Single radar products	Public domain, a work of the United States government	One radar at a time, on its own desk (/radar/site/kfsd, every radar at /radar/sites): its reflectivity, velocity, storm relative velocity, correlation coefficient and differential reflectivity at four tilts from its lowest up, and the storms its own tracking follows.
Tropical storms	Public domain, a work of the United States government	Every figure on the storm tracker (/storms): each storm's position, motion, pressure, winds and wind radii, its forecast track, and the watches and warnings of its public advisory.
Storm model tracks	Public domain, a work of the United States government	The models' tracks of each storm the storm archive keeps, scored beside the hurricane center's own forecasts (/storms).
Tornado damage surveys	Public domain, a work of the United States government	Each tornado in the record of severe weather (/alerts/record): its rating on the Enhanced Fujita scale, its strongest winds, its path, and the people it killed and hurt, as its office's latest survey gives them.
Globe imagery	Public domain, a work of the United States government	The photograph of the Earth on 247 Globe (/aurora), and the day's true colour picture of each tropical storm.
Globe map	Public domain	The borders and the names of countries, states, counties' lines and towns on 247 Globe (/aurora); and, with the site's own towns, airports and landmarks, the places its search finds and the name it gives a point.
Satellite rain	Public domain, a work of the United States government	The rain falling now, and the rain of the last hour, day, two days and three days, beyond the radars' reach on 247 Globe (/aurora).
Globe aerial imagery	Public domain, a work of the United States government	The close views of the United States on 247 Globe (/aurora), from level 9 inward.
Earthquakes	Public domain, a work of the United States government	Each earthquake of magnitude 2.5 and above in the past day on 247 Globe (/aurora): its place, magnitude, depth and time; and those in the states and Puerto Rico, kept in the record of severe weather (/alerts/record).
Space weather	Public domain, a work of the United States government	The aurora oval, the planetary K index, and the solar flares the GOES satellites' X-ray sensors record, on 247 Globe (/aurora).
Solar flares and eruptions	Public domain, a work of the United States government	The solar flares and coronal mass ejections of the past three days on 247 Globe (/aurora).
Star catalogue	BSD 3-Clause Licence	The stars and the constellation lines in 247 Globe's sky (/aurora).
Globe textures	MIT Licence	The Earth by day and by night, its oceans' shine and the Moon on 247 Globe (/aurora).
ECMWF forecast models	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)	The ECMWF IFS and AIFS forecasts the forecast engine page scores beside its own (/accuracy).
Robotaxi service areas	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)	Where each robotaxi fleet serves, on the Fleet map (/fleet/driverless), its credit shown on the map.
Motor carrier census	Public domain, a work of the United States government	Each autonomous trucking carrier's registered trucks, drivers and yearly miles, on the Fleet map (/fleet/driverless).
Automated vehicle authorizations	Public record (SB 2807)	The count of driverless vehicles each operator is authorized to run in Texas, read each day, on the Fleet map (/fleet/driverless).

Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database Licence. Forecasts of the ECMWF IFS and AIFS models © European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), CC BY 4.0.

An answer from the API that carries either names it under attribution.

Road station data

Readings of the road weather stations (the pavement's temperature, the state of its surface, the temperature its water freezes at, the water on it and the ground beneath it, with the air above) come from the state highway authorities below: through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS), in its public distribution category, from the Oklahoma, Kentucky, Illinois and Maine departments' own traveller information feeds, and from the City of Austin's open data portal (public domain).

NOAA and its data providers disclaim liability of any kind whatsoever, including, without limitation, liability for quality, performance, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose arising out of the use or inability to use the data.

Alaska Department of Transportation
Arizona Department of Transportation
Arkansas Department of Transportation
California Department of Transportation
City of Austin Transportation and Public Works
Colorado Department of Transportation
Connecticut Department of Transportation
Delaware Department of Transportation
E-470 Public Highway Authority
Georgia Department of Transportation
Idaho Transportation Department
Illinois Department of Transportation
Illinois Department of Transportation, McHenry County
Indiana Department of Transportation
Iowa Department of Transportation
Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
Maine Department of Transportation
Maryland Department of Transportation
Massachusetts Department of Transportation
Minnesota Department of Transportation
Montana Department of Transportation
Nebraska Department of Transportation
Nevada Department of Transportation
New Hampshire Department of Transportation
New Mexico Department of Transportation
Ohio Department of Transportation
Oklahoma Department of Transportation
Oregon Department of Transportation
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
South Carolina Department of Transportation
South Dakota Department of Transportation
Utah Department of Transportation
Vermont Agency of Transportation
Washington County, Oregon, Land Use and Transportation
Washington State Department of Transportation
Wisconsin Department of Transportation
Wyoming Department of Transportation

Fire weather station data

Readings of the remote automated weather stations the federal land management agencies keep for fire weather (RAWS) come through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS), in its public distribution category, as well as through the data collection platform relay.

Stream gauge weather data

Readings of the rain, air temperature and wind at the stream and reservoir gauges come from the U.S. Geological Survey's water data service (api.waterdata.usgs.gov), the newest value of each series, every 20 minutes.

U.S. Geological Survey, USGS water data for the Nation. Recent data are provisional and subject to revision until they have been reviewed and approved.

Readings of the Texas Water Development Board's own weather and soil stations come from TexMesonet (texmesonet.org).

Texas Water Development Board, TexMesonet.

Readings of the air temperature, humidity and wind at the Bureau of Reclamation's agricultural weather stations come from its AgriMet network's real time database (usbr.gov), and each station stands where Reclamation's own map places it.

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, AgriMet. All data are provisional and subject to revision.

Readings of the air temperature, humidity, wind and rain at the University of Arizona's agricultural weather stations come from the Arizona Meteorological Network's hourly observations (azmet.arizona.edu), and each station stands where its own station table places it. They are the network's measurements, shown as it publishes them; their use here implies no endorsement or affiliation.

Arizona Meteorological Network (2026) Arizona Meteorological Network (AZMet) Data. https://azmet.arizona.edu. Accessed 2026-10-08.

Readings of the air temperature, humidity and wind at the Flood Control District of Maricopa County's weather stations come from its flood warning network's server (alert.fcd.maricopa.gov), shown in the units it publishes, and each station stands where the district's own file places it.

Flood Control District of Maricopa County. The information on its server is in the public domain, unless specifically annotated otherwise; it is provisional and has not been checked or verified for accuracy.

Readings of the air temperature, dew point and wind at the federal coastal stations (the National Ocean Service's water level and PORTS stations, the National Data Buoy Center's coastal stations, the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory's and the National Weather Service's) come from the National Data Buoy Center's latest observations (ndbc.noaa.gov), and each station stands where its station table places it. The humidity is worked out from the air and the dew point.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Data Buoy Center. This material is in the public domain and is not subject to copyright protection.

Readings of the air temperature, humidity, wind, gusts and rain at the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality's own air monitoring sites come from its hourly averages by parameter (tceq.texas.gov), each an average of a whole hour, and each site stands where the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's register of air monitoring sites places it (aqs.epa.gov).

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. This data has not been verified by the TCEQ and may change.

Citizen weather station data

Readings of the citizen weather stations are heard live on the Automatic Packet Reporting System's internet service (APRS-IS), which carries the Citizen Weather Observer Program's stations and those of licensed radio amateurs, read only and as broadcast. A station is listed only after its readings have been compared with its nearest airport or climate reference station for two weeks, and where each stands is shown to a hundredth of a degree.

Field Book

Definitions come first from the AMS Glossary of Meteorology, then the WMO International Cloud Atlas, then the Weather Service's directives, then named textbooks. 56 works are cited; each plate names its own, and the Field Book's list shows every plate that cites each one.

Standards and directives

American Meteorological Society. Glossary of Meteorology. Cited by 43 plates
World Meteorological Organization. International Cloud Atlas. Cited by 20 plates
National Weather Service. Directive 10-511, WFO Severe Weather Products Specification. Cited by 11 plates
National Weather Service. Directive 10-515, WFO Non-Precipitation Weather Products Specification. Cited by 3 plates
National Weather Service. Directive 10-513, WFO Winter Weather Products Specification. Cited by 2 plates
National Weather Service. Wind Chill Temperature Index (2001). Cited by 1 plate
National Weather Service. Directive 10-922, Weather Forecast Office Hydrologic Products Specification. Cited by 2 plates
National Weather Service. Directive 10-320, Surf Zone Forecast and Coastal/Lakeshore Hazard Services. Cited by 1 plate
National Weather Service. Directive 10-401, Fire Weather Services Product Specification. Cited by 1 plate
National Weather Service. Directive 10-1315, Cooperative Station Observations. Cited by 1 plate
National Weather Service. Directive 10-1703, Valid Time Event Code (VTEC). Cited by 1 plate
National Weather Service. Watch, Warning, Advisory definitions. Cited by 6 plates
National Weather Service. Turn Around Don't Drown. Cited by 1 plate
National Weather Service. Lightning Safety. Cited by 1 plate
NOAA National Ocean Service. Tidal Datums. Cited by 2 plates
Sweet, W. V. and others, NOAA National Ocean Service. Patterns and Projections of High Tide Flooding Along the U.S. Coastline Using a Common Impact Threshold, NOAA Technical Report NOS CO-OPS 086 (2018). Cited by 1 plate
National Hurricane Center. Storm Surge Overview. Cited by 2 plates
National Wildfire Coordinating Group. NWCG Glossary of Wildland Fire (PMS 205). Cited by 2 plates
Storm Prediction Center, National Weather Service. The Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF Scale). Cited by 1 plate
National Weather Service, Norman, Oklahoma. The El Reno, Oklahoma Tornado of May 31, 2013. Cited by 1 plate
National Weather Service. Tornado Safety. Cited by 1 plate
National Hurricane Center. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. Cited by 2 plates
National Hurricane Center. Definition of the NHC Track Forecast Cone. Cited by 1 plate
National Hurricane Center. Tropical Cyclone Watches and Warnings, product descriptions. Cited by 1 plate
NOAA, NASA and the U.S. Air Force. U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976. Cited by 5 plates
NOAA National Ocean Service. Tides and Water Levels, an education tutorial. Cited by 1 plate
Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology. Federal Meteorological Handbook No. 1, Surface Weather Observations and Reports. Cited by 10 plates
National Weather Service. Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) User's Guide. Cited by 23 plates
World Meteorological Organization. Guide to Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO-No. 8). Cited by 6 plates
Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology. Federal Meteorological Handbook No. 11, Doppler Radar Meteorological Observations. Cited by 1 plate
NOAA Radar Operations Center. The WSR-88D, system description and operations. Cited by 1 plate
Fierz, C. and others, UNESCO International Hydrological Programme. The International Classification for Seasonal Snow on the Ground, IHP-VII Technical Documents in Hydrology No. 83 (2009). Cited by 1 plate
American Society of Civil Engineers. ASCE 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, chapter 10, Ice Loads due to Freezing Rain. Cited by 1 plate
National Weather Service. The Heat Index Equation (the Rothfusz regression, 1990) and the heat index chart. Cited by 1 plate

Textbooks

Byers, H. R. and R. R. Braham. The Thunderstorm, Report of the Thunderstorm Project (1949). Cited by 1 plate
Wallace, J. M. and P. V. Hobbs. Atmospheric Science, An Introductory Survey, 2nd ed. (2006). Cited by 16 plates
Markowski, P. and Y. Richardson. Mesoscale Meteorology in Midlatitudes (2010). Cited by 6 plates
Rakov, V. A. and M. A. Uman. Lightning, Physics and Effects (2003). Cited by 1 plate
Chow, V. T., D. R. Maidment and L. W. Mays. Applied Hydrology (1988). Cited by 1 plate
Pugh, D. and P. Woodworth. Sea-Level Science (2014). Cited by 2 plates
Schroeder, M. J. and C. C. Buck. Fire Weather, Agriculture Handbook 360 (1970). Cited by 1 plate
Alduchov, O. A. and R. E. Eskridge. Improved Magnus Form Approximation of Saturation Vapor Pressure, Journal of Applied Meteorology 35 (1996). Cited by 1 plate
Lemon, L. R. and C. A. Doswell III. Severe Thunderstorm Evolution and Mesocyclone Structure as Related to Tornadogenesis, Monthly Weather Review 107 (1979). Cited by 2 plates
Bunkers, M. J. and others. Predicting Supercell Motion Using a New Hodograph Technique, Weather and Forecasting 15 (2000). Cited by 1 plate
Trapp, R. J., G. J. Stumpf and K. L. Manross. A Reassessment of the Percentage of Tornadic Mesocyclones, Weather and Forecasting 20 (2005). Cited by 1 plate
Emanuel, K. A.. Tropical Cyclones, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 31 (2003). Cited by 1 plate
Rappaport, E. N.. Fatalities in the United States from Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 95 (2014). Cited by 1 plate
Doviak, R. J. and D. S. Zrnic. Doppler Radar and Weather Observations, 2nd ed. (1993). Cited by 1 plate
McClung, D. and P. Schaerer. The Avalanche Handbook, 3rd ed. (2006). Cited by 1 plate
Li, L. and J. W. Pomeroy. Estimates of Threshold Wind Speeds for Snow Transport Using Meteorological Data, Journal of Applied Meteorology 36 (1997). Cited by 1 plate
Jones, K. F.. A Simple Model for Freezing Rain Ice Loads, Atmospheric Research 46 (1998). Cited by 1 plate
Sanders, F. and J. R. Gyakum. Synoptic-Dynamic Climatology of the "Bomb", Monthly Weather Review 108 (1980). Cited by 1 plate
Trenberth, K. E., J. T. Fasullo and J. Kiehl. Earth's Global Energy Budget, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 90 (2009). Cited by 1 plate
Kopp, G. and J. L. Lean. A new, lower value of total solar irradiance, Geophysical Research Letters 38 (2011). Cited by 1 plate
Bolton, D.. The Computation of Equivalent Potential Temperature, Monthly Weather Review 108 (1980). Cited by 1 plate
Gunn, R. and G. D. Kinzer. The Terminal Velocity of Fall for Water Droplets in Stagnant Air, Journal of Meteorology 6 (1949). Cited by 1 plate