Storm Station
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In a volunteer observer's own ground

CWOP network, identified by the register

Identifier
CW8478
Latitude
40.87000 N
Longitude
77.85000 W
Elevation
1,027 ft
Rank
1,251of 1,383 in Pennsylvania, Oct 16

Ranking Statistics

On the radar over Citizen station CW8478ReflectivityStorm topsRain rateRain, last 24 hoursForecast temperatureForecast rain totalEvery picture

In a volunteer observer's own ground

Drawn as the kind of place it stands at. 1,550 instruments in Pennsylvania stand at one.

Station charts

Citizen station CW8478 Report

Rank 1,251 of 1,383 in Pennsylvania, Oct 16. The 247 rank orders a state's stations by their 247 score out of 100: how reliably they report, how accurate their readings are against a reference station, how their readings pass their checks, and how they stand against the forecast.

Ranking Statistics

247 score74.3of 100

Pennsylvania median
94.3the median score of 1,383 stations
Scoring higher
1,243stations in Pennsylvania
Sharing its score
9ranks 1,244 to 1,252
Points deducted
25.717.8 reports received, 4.0 accuracy, 3.2 continuity, 0.7 forecast check
Counted at the median
Forecast checknot measured at this station; Pennsylvania median 92.9
Next above
GW6563rank 1,250; ahead on reports received 52.0% against 49.1%
Next below
FW0220rank 1,252; behind on reports received 49.1% against 36.8%

Equal scores are ordered by the share of scheduled reports received, then the reports due in the week (the longer record first), then the median arrival, then the longest silence.

  1. Reports receivedweight 3549.117.2 of 35 pointsPennsylvania median 95.8110 of 224 scheduled reports received in 7 days
  2. Arrivalweight 10100.010.0 of 10 pointsPennsylvania median 94.8half its reports arrived within 17 s
  3. Continuityweight 1067.96.8 of 10 pointsPennsylvania median 100.0longest silence 6.3 h, on a schedule of one report every 45 min
  4. Accuracyweight 2080.116.0 of 20 pointsPennsylvania median 100.0its temperature against the airport station KUNV, 1.3 miles away, over 79 readings: typical difference 2.9 °F beyond a steady offset of -0.5 °F
  5. Instrument checksweight 15100.015.0 of 15 pointsPennsylvania median 100.00 of 79 readings failed their check against its reference station
  6. Forecast checkweight 10-9.3 of 10 points, at the medianPennsylvania median 92.9-

The score is the weighted mean of its six parts, from the last 7 days. How a station is ranked sets out each part.

How each part is scored
Reports received
Full marks for every scheduled report received, none for none, in proportion between
Arrival
Full marks for a median arrival within 10 min, none at 60 min
Continuity
Full marks for a longest silence of 3 reports or less (2.3 h), none for 72 (54 h)
Accuracy
Full marks within 1.6 °F of its reference, typically, none beyond 8.1 °F
Instrument checks
Full marks for no reading failed, none for 5 per cent or more
Forecast check
Full marks within 2 °F of the forecast on average, none at 8 °F
Rank
1,251of 1,383 in Pennsylvania, Oct 16
Time to reach Storm Station
17 s9 in 10 within 30 s
Against its reference, 30 days
-0.7 °Fcooler than the airport station KUNV, 1.3 miles away, on average over 139 readings; typical difference 3.2 °F

The reports received are counted from the network's own archive of this station's reports. Its 247 rank is counted from Storm Station's own record, which holds less than 7 days of it so far: 110 of 224 scheduled reports received, 49.1%.

Against its reference: each temperature this station reports is compared with the nearest airport or climate reference station that reported within half an hour, up to 15 miles away. The figure is its reading less the reference's, on average, as both were reported; the typical difference is the root mean square. The difference in height is shown where both heights are known.

Chart of the 1,383 ranked stations in Pennsylvania on Oct 16 by the share of their scheduled reports received in Storm Station's own record, up to 7 days, in tenths: 0 to 9 per cent, 33; 10 to 19 per cent, 9; 20 to 29 per cent, 43; 30 to 39 per cent, 6; 40 to 49 per cent, 109; 50 to 59 per cent, 201; 60 to 69 per cent, 122; 70 to 79 per cent, 60; 80 to 89 per cent, 90; 90 to 99 per cent, 310; 100 per cent, 400. Citizen station CW8478 received 49.1 per cent, 110 of 224 scheduled reports, rank 1,251 of 1,383.WHERE IT RANKS IN PENNSYLVANIA, Oct 16THIS ONE: 49.1%, 110 OF 224, RANK 1,251 OF 1,383PER CENT OF SCHEDULED REPORTS RECEIVEDIN STORM STATION'S OWN RECORD, UP TO 7 DAYS1101000 to 93310 to 19920 to 294330 to 39640 to 4910950 to 5920160 to 6912270 to 796080 to 899090 to 99310100400STATIONS, LOG SCALE
Chart of Citizen station CW8478's rank in Pennsylvania by how it reported, day by day, from 2026-10-05 to 2026-10-16: 2026-10-05 rank 929 of 1,219; 2026-10-06 rank 963 of 1,252; 2026-10-07 rank 978 of 1,339; 2026-10-08 rank 1,055 of 1,356; 2026-10-09 rank 1,126 of 1,352; 2026-10-10 rank 1,124 of 1,352; 2026-10-11 rank 1,182 of 1,344; 2026-10-12 rank 1,187 of 1,368; 2026-10-13 rank 1,199 of 1,374; 2026-10-14 rank 1,144 of 1,372; 2026-10-15 rank 1,169 of 1,375; 2026-10-16 rank 1,251 of 1,383.ITS RANK IN PENNSYLVANIA, DAY BY DAYRANK, FIRST AT THE TOP15001,0001,500Oct 5Oct 7Oct 9Oct 11Oct 13Oct 15Oct 16
The ranking these charts were drawn from, as tables
Share of scheduled reports receivedStations
100%400
90 to 99%310
80 to 89%90
70 to 79%60
60 to 69%122
50 to 59%201
40 to 49%109
30 to 39%6
20 to 29%43
10 to 19%9
0 to 9%33
DayRankStations rankedShare received
Oct 16, 20261,2511,38349.1%
Oct 15, 20261,1691,37558.2%
Oct 14, 20261,1441,37260.7%
Oct 13, 20261,1991,37457.7%
Oct 12, 20261,1871,36855.3%
Oct 11, 20261,1821,34455.2%
Oct 10, 20261,1241,35255.3%
Oct 9, 20261,1261,35254.6%
Oct 8, 20261,0551,35651.6%
Oct 7, 20269781,33956.5%
Oct 6, 20269631,25246.5%
Oct 5, 20269291,21950.0%

Station report

Citizen station CW8478, in 3 sheets

Drawn from the register, in the manner of the Field Book, and opened beside the plates that explain each part of it.

1The column

Contents

At 1,027 ft above sea level, 4 per cent of the atmosphere's air lies below the station. The standard atmosphere puts the pressure there at 28.83 inHg and the temperature at 55.3 F.

Section from sea level of where Citizen station CW8478 stands in the atmosphere, height to scale: the station 1,027 feet above sea level with 4 per cent of the air below it; the standard atmosphere's pressure there, 28.83 inches of mercury, and temperature, 55.3 degrees Fahrenheit.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT CW8478FIG. D WHERE CITIZEN STATION CW8478 STANDS IN THE ATMOSPHERESECTION FROM SEA LEVEL, HEIGHT TO SCALE, THE STATION IN THE STANDARD ATMOSPHEREFT ABOVE SEA LEVEL05,00010,00015,000SEA LEVEL, 29.92 inHg IN THE STANDARD ATMOSPHERECITIZEN STATION CW84784 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW IT1,027 FT10 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 2,890 FT20 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 6,050 FT30 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 9,540 FT40 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 13,470 FTSTANDARD PRESSURE HERE28.83 inHgSTANDARD TEMPERATURE HERE55.3 FTITLECitizen station CW8478, the columnSTATION REPORT · CWOP CW8478TYPESECTIONSCALEHEIGHT TO SCALEREVFROM THE REGISTER SHEET 1 of 3DATE2026-10-16IDSR-CW8478-1DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-ENG-001, FB-ENG-003

From the Field Book

2The sun

Contents

On Oct 16 the noon sun stands 40 degrees above the horizon at 40.87 N, and the day is 10 h 56 min long. Level ground there takes 64 per cent of the noon sunlight a surface facing the sun would.

Elevation of the noon sun at Citizen station CW8478, angles true: on Oct 16 it stands 40 degrees above the horizon, against 73 at the June solstice, 49 at the equinoxes and 26 at the December solstice; the day is 10 h 56 min long.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT CW8478FIG. E THE SUN AT CITIZEN STATION CW8478ELEVATION LOOKING WEST, SOUTH TO THE LEFT: THE NOON SUN ON THE DAY OF THE REPORT, AND AT THE SOLSTICES AND EQUINOXES; ANGLES TRUETHE STATIONJUNE SOLSTICE 73°EQUINOXES 49°DECEMBER SOLSTICE 26°OCT 16, 40°SOUTHANGLES TRUE; THE RAYS ARE OF ONE LENGTH AND DRAW DIRECTION ONLYDAY LENGTH 10 H 56 MINLEVEL GROUND TAKES 64 PER CENT OF THE NOON SUN A FACING SURFACE WOULDLATITUDE 40.87 N; THE SUN'S DECLINATION -9.1°TITLECitizen station CW8478, the sunSTATION REPORT · CWOP CW8478TYPEELEVATIONSCALEANGLES TRUEREVFROM THE REGISTER SHEET 2 of 3DATE2026-10-16IDSR-CW8478-2DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-ENG-007

From the Field Book

3The instrument

Contents

A weather instrument, 1,027 ft above sea level. Its sensors, as its network builds them.

Elevation of the instrument, Citizen station CW8478, each sensor drawn and labelled with what it read: no reading in the last day.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT CW8478FIG. F THE INSTRUMENTELEVATION OF THE INSTRUMENT, EACH SENSOR WITH WHAT IT READANTENNA, SENDING BY SATELLITE-AIR TEMPERATURE-PRECIPITATION GAUGE-SCHEMATIC; THE SPACING BETWEEN SENSORS IS NOT TO SCALETITLECitizen station CW8478, the instrumentSTATION REPORT · CWOP CW8478TYPEELEVATIONSCALESCHEMATICREVFROM THE REGISTER SHEET 3 of 3DATE2026-10-16IDSR-CW8478-3DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-INS-001

From the Field Book

Near Citizen station CW8478

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