Storm Station
Sign in

At an airfield

ASOS network, identified by the register

Identifier
PMDY
Latitude
28.20820 N
Longitude
177.37560 W
Elevation
25 ft
Observed
11:56 PMHST, 31 minutes ago
Sky
overcastOVC
Air temperature
77F
What it feels like
77F
High so far today
83F
Low so far today
75F
Dew point
70F
Relative humidity
79%
Visibility
10mi
Pressure
30.13inHg
Wind
13mph
Strongest wind today
18mph
Wind direction
70°
Precipitation this hour
0in

Ranking Statistics

At an airfield

Drawn as the kind of place it stands at. 14 instruments in Hawaii stand at one.

Station charts

Sand Island Report

Rank 259 of 381 in Hawaii, Oct 16. The 247 rank orders a state's stations by their 247 score out of 100: how reliably they report, how accurate their readings are against a reference station, how their readings pass their checks, and how they stand against the forecast.

Ranking Statistics

247 score95.5of 100

Hawaii median
97.3the median score of 381 stations
Scoring higher
257stations in Hawaii
Sharing its score
2ranks 258 to 259
Points deducted
4.54.5 reports received
Counted at the median
Accuracy, forecast checknot measured at this station; Hawaii median 99.9, 100.0
Next above
OOUH1rank 258; ahead on reports received 99.1% against 87.0%
Next below
205308156150901rank 260; behind on 247 score 95.5 against 95.4

Equal scores are ordered by the share of scheduled reports received, then the reports due in the week (the longer record first), then the median arrival, then the longest silence.

  1. Reports receivedweight 3587.130.5 of 35 pointsHawaii median 99.4175 of 201 scheduled reports received in 7 days
  2. Arrivalweight 10100.010.0 of 10 pointsHawaii median 84.1half its reports arrived within 7 min
  3. Continuityweight 10100.010.0 of 10 pointsHawaii median 100.0longest silence 60 min, on a schedule of one report every 50 min
  4. Accuracyweight 20-20.0 of 20 points, at the medianHawaii median 99.9-
  5. Instrument checksweight 15100.015.0 of 15 pointsHawaii median 100.00 of 144 readings failed the next day's check against the stations around it
  6. Forecast checkweight 10-10.0 of 10 points, at the medianHawaii median 100.0-

The score is the weighted mean of its six parts, from the last 7 days. How a station is ranked sets out each part.

How each part is scored
Reports received
Full marks for every scheduled report received, none for none, in proportion between
Arrival
Full marks for a median arrival within 10 min, none at 60 min
Continuity
Full marks for a longest silence of 3 reports or less (2.5 h), none for 72 (60 h)
Accuracy
Full marks within 1.5 °F of its reference, typically, none beyond 8.0 °F
Instrument checks
Full marks for no reading failed, none for 5 per cent or more
Forecast check
Full marks within 2 °F of the forecast on average, none at 8 °F
Schedule
every 44 min
Reports received, 24 hours
25 of 3278.1% of its schedule, 34 reports in all
Reports received, 7 days
183 of 22979.9% of its schedule, 255 reports in all
Days reported, 30 days
29 of 30
Longest silence, 7 days
1 hourfrom Oct 8, 11:56 PM
Latest report
Oct 15, 10:56 PMlocal time
Time to reach Storm Station
7 min9 in 10 within 10 min

From Storm Station's own record of every report it heard from this station.

Its schedule is one report every 44 min, 32 in 24 hours. Two reports in the same 44 min count as one received.

The forecast here, October 15, 2026

Wind, mean miss
4.6 mphran +4.6 mph over 14 forecast hours; corrected, 3.3 mph
Sky cover, mean miss
34.5 %ran -34.5 % over 16 forecast hours; corrected, 24.1 %

Each hour’s forecast against this airfield’s own report, the day after. Every airfield, scored.

Chart of the 381 ranked stations in Hawaii on Oct 16 by the share of their scheduled reports received in Storm Station's own record, up to 7 days, in tenths: 0 to 9 per cent, 0; 10 to 19 per cent, 3; 20 to 29 per cent, 5; 30 to 39 per cent, 1; 40 to 49 per cent, 7; 50 to 59 per cent, 18; 60 to 69 per cent, 8; 70 to 79 per cent, 20; 80 to 89 per cent, 36; 90 to 99 per cent, 152; 100 per cent, 131. Sand Island received 87.0 per cent, 175 of 201 scheduled reports, rank 259 of 381.WHERE IT RANKS IN HAWAII, Oct 16THIS ONE: 87.0%, 175 OF 201, RANK 259 OF 381PER CENT OF SCHEDULED REPORTS RECEIVEDIN STORM STATION'S OWN RECORD, UP TO 7 DAYS1101000 to 910 to 19320 to 29530 to 39140 to 49750 to 591860 to 69870 to 792080 to 893690 to 99152100131STATIONS, LOG SCALE
Chart of Sand Island's rank in Hawaii by how it reported, day by day, from 2026-09-26 to 2026-10-16: 2026-09-26 rank 253 of 269; 2026-09-27 rank 216 of 271; 2026-09-28 rank 242 of 280; 2026-09-29 rank 240 of 284; 2026-09-30 rank 229 of 286; 2026-10-01 rank 226 of 288; 2026-10-02 rank 32 of 327; 2026-10-03 rank 32 of 327; 2026-10-04 rank 27 of 330; 2026-10-05 rank 235 of 345; 2026-10-06 rank 253 of 349; 2026-10-07 rank 267 of 372; 2026-10-08 rank 261 of 374; 2026-10-09 rank 269 of 376; 2026-10-10 rank 272 of 376; 2026-10-11 rank 291 of 385; 2026-10-12 rank 272 of 384; 2026-10-13 rank 210 of 382; 2026-10-14 rank 29 of 381; 2026-10-15 rank 2 of 380; 2026-10-16 rank 259 of 381.ITS RANK IN HAWAII, DAY BY DAYRANK, FIRST AT THE TOP1100200300Sep 26Sep 30Oct 4Oct 8Oct 12Oct 16
The ranking these charts were drawn from, as tables
Share of scheduled reports receivedStations
100%131
90 to 99%152
80 to 89%36
70 to 79%20
60 to 69%8
50 to 59%18
40 to 49%7
30 to 39%1
20 to 29%5
10 to 19%3
0 to 9%0
DayRankStations rankedShare received
Oct 16, 202625938187.0%
Oct 15, 20262380100.0%
Oct 14, 20262938199.4%
Oct 13, 202621038291.1%
Oct 12, 202627238478.3%
Oct 11, 202629138570.8%
Oct 10, 202627237673.2%
Oct 9, 202626937673.5%
Oct 8, 202626137472.5%
Oct 7, 202626737270.4%
Oct 6, 202625334976.7%
Oct 5, 202623534583.1%
Oct 4, 20262733099.4%
Oct 3, 20263232799.3%
Oct 2, 20263232799.3%
Oct 1, 202622628891.6%
Sep 30, 202622928691.2%
Sep 29, 202624028487.6%
Sep 28, 202624228084.0%
Sep 27, 202621627190.7%
Sep 26, 202625326971.4%
Temperature and Dew point at Sand Island, temperature from 75.0 to 82.6, the latest 80.2; dew point from 65.0 to 70.0, the latest 68.9, in degrees Fahrenheit.TEMPERATURE AND DEW POINTF6570758085Oct 153 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PMTEMPERATUREDEW POINT
Relative humidity at Sand Island, relative humidity from 63 to 74, the latest 69, in per cent.RELATIVE HUMIDITY%60657075Oct 153 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PM
Wind and Gust at Sand Island, wind from 13 to 16, the latest 14; gust from 20 to 20, the latest 20, in miles an hour.WIND AND GUSTmph1214161820Oct 153 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PMWINDGUST
Wind direction at Sand Island, wind direction from 40 to 80, the latest 70, in degrees.WIND DIRECTION°090180270360Oct 153 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PM
Pressure, altimeter at Sand Island, pressure, altimeter from 30.08 to 30.16, the latest 30.09, in inches of mercury.PRESSURE, ALTIMETERinHg30.0730.1030.1330.1530.18Oct 153 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PM
Visibility at Sand Island, visibility from 6.0 to 10.0, the latest 10.0, in miles.VISIBILITYmi02.557.510Oct 153 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PMLIFRIFRMVFRVFR
Lowest cloud base at Sand Island, lowest cloud base from 2,300 to 3,000, the latest 2,500, in feet.LOWEST CLOUD BASEft2,2002,4002,6002,8003,000Oct 153 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PMMVFR
Reports received at Sand Island, reports from 0.0 to 16.0, the latest 0.0, in reports.REPORTS RECEIVEDreports05101520Oct 153 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PM
The readings these charts were drawn from, as a table
HourTemperature FDew point FRelative humidity %Wind mphGust mphWind direction °Pressure, altimeter inHgVisibility miLowest cloud base ftPrecipitation inReports
Thu 15, 4 PM80.268.96914-7030.0910.02,5000.0015
Thu 15, 3 PM80.169.57013206030.0810.02,3000.0014
Thu 15, 2 PM79.070.07413-4030.0910.02,5000.0013
Thu 15, 1 PM82.069.06514-6030.1010.02,4000.0013
Thu 15, 12 PM81.769.46613205030.1210.02,5000.0014
Thu 15, 11 AM82.669.66514-8030.1310.02,5000.0016
Thu 15, 10 AM82.068.06315-8030.1510.02,5000.0013
Thu 15, 9 AM81.069.06715-8030.1610.02,5000.0013
Thu 15, 8 AM79.067.06716-8030.1510.02,7000.0013
Thu 15, 7 AM77.067.07114-8030.1410.02,5000.0013
Thu 15, 6 AM75.066.07413-7030.1310.02,8000.0013
Thu 15, 5 AM75.066.07413-7030.1210.02,8000.0013
Thu 15, 4 AM75.066.07414-8030.116.02,8000.0013
Thu 15, 3 AM75.065.07115-8030.1110.02,9000.0013
Thu 15, 2 AM75.065.07115-7030.1210.02,9000.0013
Thu 15, 1 AM75.065.07115-8030.1310.02,9000.0013
Thu 15, 12 AM75.065.07115-7030.1410.03,0000.0013
Temperature and Dew point at Sand Island, temperature from 71.0 to 82.6, the latest 80.2; dew point from 61.0 to 71.7, the latest 68.9, in degrees Fahrenheit.TEMPERATURE AND DEW POINTF60708090Fri 9Sat 10Sun 11Mon 12Tue 13Wed 14Thu 15TEMPERATUREDEW POINT
Relative humidity at Sand Island, relative humidity from 60 to 94, the latest 69, in per cent.RELATIVE HUMIDITY%60708090100Fri 9Sat 10Sun 11Mon 12Tue 13Wed 14Thu 15
Wind and Gust at Sand Island, wind from 5 to 19, the latest 14; gust from 16 to 23, the latest 20, in miles an hour.WIND AND GUSTmph0510152025Fri 9Sat 10Sun 11Mon 12Tue 13Wed 14Thu 15WINDGUST
Wind direction at Sand Island, wind direction from 10 to 360, the latest 70, in degrees.WIND DIRECTION°090180270360Fri 9Sat 10Sun 11Mon 12Tue 13Wed 14Thu 15
Pressure, altimeter at Sand Island, pressure, altimeter from 29.94 to 30.17, the latest 30.09, in inches of mercury.PRESSURE, ALTIMETERinHg29.9030.0030.1030.20Fri 9Sat 10Sun 11Mon 12Tue 13Wed 14Thu 15
Visibility at Sand Island, visibility from 1.0 to 10.0, the latest 10.0, in miles.VISIBILITYmi02.557.510Fri 9Sat 10Sun 11Mon 12Tue 13Wed 14Thu 15LIFRIFRMVFRVFR
Lowest cloud base at Sand Island, lowest cloud base from 500 to 5,000, the latest 2,500, in feet.LOWEST CLOUD BASEft02,0004,0006,000Fri 9Sat 10Sun 11Mon 12Tue 13Wed 14Thu 15MVFRVFR
Precipitation at Sand Island, precipitation from 0.00 to 0.01, the latest 0.00, in inches.PRECIPITATIONin0.000.030.050.070.10Fri 9Sat 10Sun 11Mon 12Tue 13Wed 14Thu 15
Reports received at Sand Island, reports from 0.0 to 16.0, the latest 0.0, in reports.REPORTS RECEIVEDreports05101520Fri 9Sat 10Sun 11Mon 12Tue 13Wed 14Thu 15
The readings these charts were drawn from, as a table
HourTemperature FDew point FRelative humidity %Wind mphGust mphWind direction °Pressure, altimeter inHgVisibility miLowest cloud base ftPrecipitation inReports
Thu 15, 4 PM80.268.96914-7030.0910.02,5000.0015
Thu 15, 3 PM80.169.57013206030.0810.02,3000.0014
Thu 15, 2 PM79.070.07413-4030.0910.02,5000.0013
Thu 15, 1 PM82.069.06514-6030.1010.02,4000.0013
Thu 15, 12 PM81.769.46613205030.1210.02,5000.0014
Thu 15, 11 AM82.669.66514-8030.1310.02,5000.0016
Thu 15, 10 AM82.068.06315-8030.1510.02,5000.0013
Thu 15, 9 AM81.069.06715-8030.1610.02,5000.0013
Thu 15, 8 AM79.067.06716-8030.1510.02,7000.0013
Thu 15, 7 AM77.067.07114-8030.1410.02,5000.0013
Thu 15, 6 AM75.066.07413-7030.1310.02,8000.0013
Thu 15, 5 AM75.066.07413-7030.1210.02,8000.0013
Thu 15, 4 AM75.066.07414-8030.116.02,8000.0013
Thu 15, 3 AM75.065.07115-8030.1110.02,9000.0013
Thu 15, 2 AM75.065.07115-7030.1210.02,9000.0013
Thu 15, 1 AM75.065.07115-8030.1310.02,9000.0013
Thu 15, 12 AM75.065.07115-7030.1410.03,0000.0013
Wed 14, 11 PM75.065.07116-7030.1610.03,0000.0013
Wed 14, 10 PM75.065.07116-7030.1710.03,0000.0013
Wed 14, 9 PM75.165.67216-7030.1710.02,8000.0014
Wed 14, 8 PM75.666.17216-8030.179.02,6000.0014
Wed 14, 7 PM76.066.07119-8030.1510.02,7000.0012
Wed 14, 6 PM76.667.37319-8030.1310.02,5000.0016
Wed 14, 5 PM78.467.16818-8030.1210.02,6000.0014
Wed 14, 4 PM78.968.97219-7030.1210.02,2000.0014
Wed 14, 3 PM79.370.37418-8030.118.01,7000.0016
Wed 14, 2 PM80.370.47218-8030.1110.01,9000.0014
Wed 14, 1 PM82.369.56615217030.1110.02,1000.0015
Wed 14, 12 PM81.768.16415-8030.1310.02,5000.0015
Wed 14, 11 AM80.767.16314207030.155.02,2000.0015
Wed 14, 10 AM79.966.66413-8030.1710.02,7000.0014
Wed 14, 9 AM79.066.06513-6030.1710.02,9000.0013
Wed 14, 8 AM76.164.26712-4030.178.02,9000.0014
Wed 14, 7 AM75.565.57112-5030.1510.02,9000.0015
Wed 14, 6 AM73.664.67413-5030.1410.02,9000.0015
Wed 14, 5 AM74.065.07411185030.1310.02,9000.0013
Wed 14, 4 AM74.064.07111-5030.1310.03,0000.0013
Wed 14, 3 AM74.064.07111-6030.1310.02,9000.0013
Wed 14, 2 AM74.664.27012-6030.1310.02,9000.0014
Wed 14, 1 AM74.065.07413-5030.1410.03,1000.0013
Wed 14, 12 AM75.064.06913206030.1410.03,0000.0013
Tue 13, 11 PM75.165.27112205030.1510.02,8000.0015
Tue 13, 10 PM74.065.07411-6030.1610.03,1000.0013
Tue 13, 9 PM74.063.06912-6030.1510.03,0000.0013
Tue 13, 8 PM75.063.06611-5030.1510.02,8000.0013
Tue 13, 7 PM75.063.06610-4030.1310.03,2000.0012
Tue 13, 6 PM75.063.06610-4030.1210.03,2000.0013
Tue 13, 5 PM75.063.06611184030.1010.03,2000.0013
Tue 13, 4 PM77.064.06412-3030.1010.03,2000.0013
Tue 13, 3 PM78.064.06212-4030.0910.03,2000.0013
Tue 13, 2 PM78.064.06212182030.0810.03,2000.0013
Tue 13, 1 PM79.065.06212184030.0910.03,0000.0013
Tue 13, 12 PM79.064.06013203030.1110.03,0000.0013
Tue 13, 11 AM79.064.06012174030.1210.03,0000.0013
Tue 13, 10 AM79.065.06211-2030.1310.03,0000.0013
Tue 13, 9 AM77.365.5678-3030.141.03,0000.0015
Tue 13, 8 AM76.166.1717-3030.1310.02,8000.0014
Tue 13, 7 AM75.166.1746-2030.1210.02,6000.0015
Tue 13, 6 AM73.065.0765-1030.1110.02,6000.0013
Tue 13, 5 AM73.065.0765-3030.1010.02,8000.0013
Tue 13, 4 AM73.065.0765-3030.095.02,8000.0013
Tue 13, 3 AM72.665.5787-5030.092.05,0000.0016
Tue 13, 2 AM73.366.2789-7030.101.05,0000.0016
Tue 13, 1 AM73.766.67911-8030.121.35,0000.0014
Tue 13, 12 AM74.066.07611-7030.1210.02,7000.0013
Mon 12, 11 PM74.067.07910-7030.1410.02,7000.0013
Mon 12, 10 PM73.768.98511-8030.1410.02,1000.0014
Mon 12, 9 PM72.169.9936-6030.144.01,0000.0015
Mon 12, 8 PM72.669.69012-4030.143.0800trace16
Mon 12, 7 PM76.069.07913-8030.1210.01,7000.0013
Mon 12, 6 PM75.068.0799-8030.1010.01,700trace13
Mon 12, 5 PM72.066.08114-1030.097.01,500trace13
Mon 12, 4 PM77.068.07415-5030.0910.01,5000.0013
Mon 12, 3 PM79.869.47115-5030.0810.01,7000.0014
Mon 12, 2 PM78.968.97215-4030.0810.01,9000.0014
Mon 12, 1 PM80.070.07215-5030.0910.01,9000.0013
Mon 12, 12 PM79.068.06916235030.1210.01,900trace13
Mon 12, 11 AM76.070.08214226030.148.02,1000.0113
Mon 12, 10 AM77.067.07112-4030.1610.02,3000.0013
Mon 12, 9 AM80.067.06511-6030.1710.02,8000.0013
Mon 12, 8 AM77.067.07111206030.1610.02,3000.0013
Mon 12, 7 AM76.066.0717-4030.1510.02,7000.0013
Mon 12, 6 AM74.066.0769-4030.1310.02,8000.0013
Mon 12, 5 AM74.664.7719-6030.1110.02,6000.0014
Mon 12, 4 AM75.066.0749-3030.1010.02,6000.0013
Mon 12, 3 AM75.166.17410-4030.1010.02,6000.0015
Mon 12, 2 AM75.066.07411-6030.1110.02,4000.0013
Mon 12, 1 AM75.066.07413-5030.1210.02,4000.0013
Mon 12, 12 AM75.067.07614-5030.1310.02,4000.0013
Sun 11, 11 PM75.566.57414-6030.1410.02,4000.0015
Sun 11, 10 PM76.068.07615-5030.1510.02,6000.0013
Sun 11, 9 PM76.067.07414185030.1510.02,5000.0013
Sun 11, 8 PM76.067.07414215030.1410.02,5000.0013
Sun 11, 7 PM76.067.07414224030.1310.02,3000.0013
Sun 11, 6 PM76.067.07413233030.1110.02,2000.0013
Sun 11, 5 PM77.068.07414174030.0910.02,3000.0013
Sun 11, 4 PM78.069.07413215030.0910.01,9000.0013
Sun 11, 3 PM78.068.07113226030.0810.02,4000.0013
Sun 11, 2 PM81.067.06315203030.0710.02,3000.0013
Sun 11, 1 PM81.068.06514214030.087.02,5000.0013
Sun 11, 12 PM82.067.06114214030.1010.02,7000.0013
Sun 11, 11 AM81.067.06312-4030.1210.02,7000.0013
Sun 11, 10 AM81.067.06311183030.1210.02,5000.0013
Sun 11, 9 AM79.066.06512203030.1310.02,8000.0013
Sun 11, 8 AM78.066.06712172030.1110.02,6000.0013
Sun 11, 7 AM77.066.06911-3030.1010.0-0.0112
Sun 11, 6 AM75.065.0719-3030.0810.02,7000.0013
Sun 11, 5 AM75.065.07110173030.0610.02,8000.0013
Sun 11, 4 AM75.065.07110-4030.0610.02,9000.0013
Sun 11, 3 AM75.065.07110174030.0610.02,9000.0013
Sun 11, 2 AM75.065.0719-3030.0610.02,9000.0013
Sun 11, 1 AM75.064.0699-4030.0710.02,8000.0013
Sun 11, 12 AM75.065.0719-2030.0710.02,8000.0013
Sat 10, 11 PM76.066.0719-4030.0810.02,8000.0013
Sat 10, 10 PM75.665.77110-4030.0810.02,8000.0014
Sat 10, 9 PM76.067.0749-3030.0710.02,6000.0013
Sat 10, 8 PM75.067.0769-2030.079.02,500trace13
Sat 10, 7 PM76.067.0749-2030.06-2,2000.0013
Sat 10, 6 PM76.068.0768-2030.0510.02,2000.0013
Sat 10, 5 PM77.068.0749163030.0310.02,5000.0013
Sat 10, 4 PM76.069.07910-3030.027.02,300trace13
Sat 10, 3 PM78.067.06910184030.019.02,6000.0013
Sat 10, 2 PM80.369.47010182030.019.02,3000.0014
Sat 10, 1 PM78.468.07113234030.0110.02,3000.0014
Sat 10, 12 PM80.769.36811183030.029.02,5000.0015
Sat 10, 11 AM81.368.06411181030.0310.02,5000.0014
Sat 10, 10 AM79.466.665101636030.0410.02,9000.0014
Sat 10, 9 AM78.066.06711-3030.0410.02,9000.0013
Sat 10, 8 AM77.065.06710-4030.0310.03,0000.0013
Sat 10, 7 AM75.064.0699174030.0110.03,0000.0013
Sat 10, 6 AM73.763.7719-2029.9910.02,8000.0014
Sat 10, 5 AM73.764.7748-3029.9610.02,8000.0014
Sat 10, 4 AM74.065.0749-3029.9510.02,3000.0013
Sat 10, 3 AM74.067.07910-4029.9410.01,7000.0013
Sat 10, 2 AM73.369.28710-3029.9410.01,1000.0015
Sat 10, 1 AM73.369.98911-4029.968.09000.0015
Sat 10, 12 AM73.670.5909-1029.959.01,200trace15
Fri 9, 11 PM73.271.3948-3029.976.0800trace14
Fri 9, 10 PM73.671.7948-1029.978.0800trace16
Fri 9, 9 PM73.971.7938-1029.972.5500trace15
Fri 9, 8 PM75.171.7899-36029.968.0900trace15
Fri 9, 7 PM75.571.7886-34029.9510.01,0000.0015
Fri 9, 6 PM75.071.0875-34029.9410.01,1000.0113
Fri 9, 5 PM75.169.9848-32029.9410.01,2000.0015
Fri 9, 4 PM75.170.5859-33029.9410.01,0000.0015
Fri 9, 3 PM73.670.690112033029.942.0600trace16
Fri 9, 2 PM75.169.48311-35029.952.5600trace14
Fri 9, 1 PM77.966.869121835029.966.01,600trace15
Fri 9, 12 PM77.565.767121834029.9810.02,3000.0014
Fri 9, 11 AM77.065.067122034030.0010.03,2000.0013
Fri 9, 10 AM77.064.06412-35030.0210.03,0000.0013
Fri 9, 9 AM76.064.06610-1030.0210.03,4000.0013
Fri 9, 8 AM76.062.062122236030.0210.03,7000.0013
Fri 9, 7 AM75.062.064122036030.0010.03,6000.0013
Fri 9, 6 AM74.061.064122036029.9910.03,7000.0013
Fri 9, 5 AM73.062.068122135029.9810.03,3000.0013
Fri 9, 4 AM71.064.07912-35029.976.02,500trace12
Fri 9, 3 AM71.063.07610-2029.967.03,000trace13
Fri 9, 2 AM73.362.469102236029.9810.02,8000.0015
Fri 9, 1 AM73.063.07111162029.9810.02,2000.0013
Fri 9, 12 AM73.062.068122236030.0010.03,1000.0013
High and Low at Sand Island, high from 79.0 to 86.0, the latest 83.0; low from 71.0 to 80.0, the latest 75.0, in degrees Fahrenheit.HIGH AND LOWF7075808590Sep 17Sep 22Sep 27Oct 2Oct 7Oct 12HIGHLOW
Highest dew point and Lowest dew point at Sand Island, highest dew point from 63.0 to 79.0, the latest 70.0; lowest dew point from 56.0 to 75.2, the latest 65.0, in degrees Fahrenheit.HIGHEST DEW POINT AND LOWEST DEW POINTF50607080Sep 17Sep 22Sep 27Oct 2Oct 7Oct 12HIGHEST DEW POINTLOWEST DEW POINT
Highest humidity and Lowest humidity at Sand Island, highest humidity from 71 to 100, the latest 79; lowest humidity from 45 to 84, the latest 63, in per cent.HIGHEST HUMIDITY AND LOWEST HUMIDITY%406080100Sep 17Sep 22Sep 27Oct 2Oct 7Oct 12HIGHEST HUMIDITYLOWEST HUMIDITY
Average wind and Strongest gust at Sand Island, average wind from 5 to 20, the latest 14; strongest gust from 16 to 35, the latest 21, in miles an hour.AVERAGE WIND AND STRONGEST GUSTmph010203040Sep 17Sep 22Sep 27Oct 2Oct 7Oct 12AVERAGE WINDSTRONGEST GUST
Precipitation at Sand Island, precipitation from 0.00 to 0.01, the latest 0.01, in inches.PRECIPITATIONin0.000.030.050.070.10Sep 17Sep 22Sep 27Oct 2Oct 7Oct 12
The readings these charts were drawn from, as a table
DayHigh FLow FHighest dew point FLowest dew point FHighest humidity %Lowest humidity %Average wind mphStrongest gust mphPrecipitation in
Oct 1583.075.070.065.079631421-
Oct 1483.074.071.664.074581521-
Oct 1379.071.667.063.079601020-
Oct 1281.072.070.064.4946512230.01
Oct 1182.075.069.064.0766112230.01
Oct 1082.073.071.663.0946310230.01
Oct 979.071.072.061.0976210220.00
Oct 879.072.063.057.0715012250.01
Oct 781.073.066.256.0764514300.01
Oct 686.077.076.067.0947410310.00
Oct 586.080.077.075.0917211-0.00
Oct 485.078.079.074.0947720350.01
Oct 383.077.074.067.085611732trace
Oct 283.075.069.863.0745511240.00
Oct 182.075.072.063.087628160.01
Sep 3084.076.075.268.089719-0.00
Sep 2984.076.073.469.885659-0.00
Sep 2884.076.073.471.087709-0.01
Sep 2785.077.075.271.0886711-0.01
Sep 2685.078.075.272.0896513-0.01
Sep 2584.076.075.271.688709--
Sep 2484.076.075.271.094725--
Sep 2384.077.076.074.094745--
Sep 2284.079.078.875.297777--
Sep 2184.077.078.073.4100848160.00
Sep 2085.077.075.070.0917013-0.00
Sep 1985.077.073.469.0896517250.01
Sep 1885.078.073.471.0826518-0.00
Sep 1785.079.076.069.0897217250.00

Station report

Sand Island, in 6 sheets

Drawn from its report of Oct 15, 2026, 10:56 PM local time, in the manner of the Field Book, and opened beside the plates that explain each part of it.

1The sky

Contents

Overcast at 1,900 ft; the ceiling is 1,900 ft; visibility 10 mi or more.

Section of the sky over Sand Island, height above the station to scale: overcast cloud with its base at 1,900 feet, the ceiling at 1,900 feet, and visibility of 10 mi or more.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT PMDYFIG. A THE SKY OVER SAND ISLANDSECTION, HEIGHT ABOVE THE STATION TO SCALE, EACH LAYER AT THE HEIGHT OF ITS BASE AS REPORTED; COVER IN EIGHTHS OF THE SKY; TOPS NOT MEASUREDFT ABOVE THE STATION05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000ETAGESLOWTHE STATIONTHE CEILOMETER READS TO 12,000 FT, ABOVE THIS SHEETOVC 1,900 FTOVERCAST, 8 EIGHTHS OF THE SKYCEILING 1,900 FTVISIBILITY, MILES: 10 MI OR MORE0510TITLESand Island, the skySTATION REPORT · ASOS PMDYTYPESECTIONSCALEHEIGHT TO SCALEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 1 of 6DATE2026-10-16IDSR-PMDY-1DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-SKY-001, FB-SKY-017, FB-SKY-016, FB-SKY-018

From the Field Book

2The air

Contents

77.0 F with a dew point of 70.0 F, 79 per cent relative humidity. Air lifted from the station would cool to its dew point, where cloud forms, about 1,600 ft up; the lowest cloud reported is at 1,900 ft.

Chart of the air at Sand Island: temperature 77.0 degrees Fahrenheit and dew point 70.0, 79 per cent relative humidity; air lifted from the station cools along the dry rate and meets its dew point about 1,600 feet above the station, against the lowest cloud reported at 1,900 feet; height to scale.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT PMDYFIG. B THE AIR AT SAND ISLANDTHE REPORTED TEMPERATURE AND DEW POINT, AND AIR LIFTED FROM THE STATION WITHOUT MIXING UNTIL IT SATURATES; HEIGHT ABOVE THE STATION TO SCALEFT ABOVE THE STATION01,0002,0003,00060 F70 F80 F90 FSATURATES 1,600 FT ABOVE THE STATION, AT 68.3 FLOWEST CLOUD REPORTED, OVC 1,900 FTTEMPERATURE 77.0 FDEW POINT 70.0 FSPREAD 7.0 FRELATIVE HUMIDITY 79 PER CENTTHE AIR COOLS ABOUT 5.4 F EACH 1,000 FT IT RISES, AND ITS DEW POINT ABOUT 1 FSOLID: THE LIFTED AIR'S TEMPERATURE; DASHED: ITS DEW POINTTITLESand Island, the airSTATION REPORT · ASOS PMDYTYPECHARTSCALEHEIGHT TO SCALEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 2 of 6DATE2026-10-16IDSR-PMDY-2DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-WAT-002, FB-ENG-011, FB-ENG-005

From the Field Book

3The wind

Contents

From the east northeast (70 degrees) at 13 mph: force 4, a moderate breeze on the Beaufort scale. The strongest gust today was 21 mph.

Plan of the wind at Sand Island, north up: blowing from 70 degrees, the east northeast, at 13 miles an hour; beside it the Beaufort scale from calm to hurricane force, force 4, moderate breeze, marked.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT PMDYFIG. C THE WIND AT SAND ISLANDPLAN, NORTH UP: THE WIND AS REPORTED, AND WHERE IT SITS ON THE BEAUFORT SCALENESWTHE STATIONFROM 70°BEAUFORT FORCELEAST WIND, MPH0CALM01LIGHT AIR12LIGHT BREEZE43GENTLE BREEZE84MODERATE BREEZE13NOW, 13 MPH5FRESH BREEZE196STRONG BREEZE257NEAR GALE328GALE399STRONG GALE4710STORM5511VIOLENT STORM6412HURRICANE FORCE73TITLESand Island, the windSTATION REPORT · ASOS PMDYTYPEPLAN north upSCALENOT TO SCALEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 3 of 6DATE2026-10-16IDSR-PMDY-3DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-EVT-150, FB-ENG-008, FB-INS-002

From the Field Book

4The column

Contents

At 25 ft above sea level, 0 per cent of the atmosphere's air lies below the station. The standard atmosphere puts the pressure there at 29.89 inHg and the temperature at 58.9 F; the station's altimeter setting of 30.13 inHg means its barometer reads 30.10 inHg; it reports 77.0 F, 18.1 F warmer than standard.

Section from sea level of where Sand Island stands in the atmosphere, height to scale: the station 25 feet above sea level with 0 per cent of the air below it; the standard atmosphere's pressure there, 29.89 inches of mercury, and temperature, 58.9 degrees Fahrenheit; the altimeter setting of 30.13 and the station pressure it means, 30.10.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT PMDYFIG. D WHERE SAND ISLAND STANDS IN THE ATMOSPHERESECTION FROM SEA LEVEL, HEIGHT TO SCALE, THE STATION IN THE STANDARD ATMOSPHEREFT ABOVE SEA LEVEL05,00010,00015,000SEA LEVEL, 29.92 inHg IN THE STANDARD ATMOSPHERESAND ISLAND0 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW IT25 FT10 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 2,890 FT20 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 6,050 FT30 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 9,540 FT40 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 13,470 FTSTANDARD PRESSURE HERE29.89 inHgSTANDARD TEMPERATURE HERE58.9 FALTIMETER SETTING, REPORTED30.13 inHgITS BAROMETER READS30.10 inHgTEMPERATURE, REPORTED77.0 FTITLESand Island, the columnSTATION REPORT · ASOS PMDYTYPESECTIONSCALEHEIGHT TO SCALEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 4 of 6DATE2026-10-16IDSR-PMDY-4DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-ENG-001, FB-ENG-003

From the Field Book

5The sun

Contents

On Oct 16 the noon sun stands 53 degrees above the horizon at 28.21 N, and the day is 11 h 20 min long. Level ground there takes 79 per cent of the noon sunlight a surface facing the sun would.

Elevation of the noon sun at Sand Island, angles true: on Oct 16 it stands 53 degrees above the horizon, against 85 at the June solstice, 62 at the equinoxes and 38 at the December solstice; the day is 11 h 20 min long.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT PMDYFIG. E THE SUN AT SAND ISLANDELEVATION LOOKING WEST, SOUTH TO THE LEFT: THE NOON SUN ON THE DAY OF THE REPORT, AND AT THE SOLSTICES AND EQUINOXES; ANGLES TRUETHE STATIONJUNE SOLSTICE 85°EQUINOXES 62°DECEMBER SOLSTICE 38°OCT 16, 53°SOUTHANGLES TRUE; THE RAYS ARE OF ONE LENGTH AND DRAW DIRECTION ONLYDAY LENGTH 11 H 20 MINLEVEL GROUND TAKES 79 PER CENT OF THE NOON SUN A FACING SURFACE WOULDLATITUDE 28.21 N; THE SUN'S DECLINATION -9.2°TITLESand Island, the sunSTATION REPORT · ASOS PMDYTYPEELEVATIONSCALEANGLES TRUEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 5 of 6DATE2026-10-16IDSR-PMDY-5DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-ENG-007

From the Field Book

6The instrument

Contents

An airport station, 25 ft above sea level. Its report of Oct 15, 2026, 10:56 PM local time is written on the sensors that made it.

Elevation of an airport station, Sand Island, each sensor drawn and labelled with what it read: barometers, in the shelter, altimeter 30.13 inhg; visibility sensor, 7 ft, 10 mi or more; ceilometer, looking up, ovc 1,900 ft; temperature in its shield, 5 ft, 77.0 f, dew point 70.0 f; wind, 33 ft, from 70°, 13 mph.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT PMDYFIG. F THE INSTRUMENTELEVATION OF AN AIRPORT STATION, EACH SENSOR WITH WHAT IT READ, OCT 15, 2026, 10:56 PM LOCAL TIMEBAROMETERS, IN THE SHELTERALTIMETER 30.13 inHgHEATED RAIN GAUGE-VISIBILITY SENSOR, 7 FT10 MI OR MOREBEAMCEILOMETER, LOOKING UPOVC 1,900 FTTEMPERATURE IN ITS SHIELD, 5 FT77.0 F, DEW POINT 70.0 FWIND, 33 FTFROM 70°, 13 MPH33 FT5 FTHEIGHTS TO SCALE; THE SPACING BETWEEN SENSORS IS NOTTITLESand Island, the instrumentSTATION REPORT · ASOS PMDYTYPEELEVATIONSCALEPARTLY TO SCALEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 6 of 6DATE2026-10-16IDSR-PMDY-6DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-INS-002, FB-INS-001, FB-INS-009

From the Field Book

Near Sand Island